GCLM

For the post-nomial, see Legion of Merit (Rhodesia).

GCLM
Identifiers
Aliases	GCLM , GLCLR, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit
External IDs	OMIM: 601176 MGI: 104995 HomoloGene: 1557 GeneCards: GCLM
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) [1] Band 1p22.1 Start 93,885,199 bp [1] End 93,909,456 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) [2] Band 3 G1|3 52.94 cM Start 122,039,206 bp [2] End 122,064,381 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in bronchial epithelial cell islet of Langerhans jejunal mucosa hair follicle secondary oocyte duodenum cancellous bone biceps brachii bone marrow liver Top expressed in blood left lobe of liver kidney pyloric antrum lacrimal gland facial motor nucleus duodenum proximal tubule jejunum lip More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function enzyme regulator activity glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit binding protein heterodimerization activity glutamate-cysteine ligase activity Cellular component cytosol glutamate-cysteine ligase complex Biological process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process glutathione metabolic process cysteine metabolic process negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of mitochondrial depolarization apoptotic mitochondrial changes response to nitrosative stress glutamate metabolic process glutathione biosynthetic process positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity response to oxidative stress ageing cellular response to thyroxine stimulus hepatic stellate cell activation cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus response to human chorionic gonadotropin response to nutrient response to activity cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus cellular response to glucose stimulus cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2730 14630 Ensembl ENSG00000023909 ENSMUSG00000028124 UniProt P48507 O09172 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001308253 NM_002061 NM_008129 RefSeq (protein) NP_001295182 NP_002052 NP_032155 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 93.89 – 93.91 Mb Chr 3: 122.04 – 122.06 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GCLM gene. ^{[5] [6]}

Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, is the first rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency has been implicated in some forms of hemolytic anemia. ^[6]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000023909 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028124 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Gipp JJ, Bailey HH, Mulcahy RT (Feb 1995). "Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for the light subunit of human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and relative mRNA levels for heavy and light subunits in human normal tissues". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 206 (2): 584–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1083. PMID   7826375.
6. "Entrez Gene: GCLM glutamate-cysteine ligase, modifier subunit".

Further reading

• Dickinson DA, Levonen AL, Moellering DR, et al. (2005). "Human glutamate cysteine ligase gene regulation through the electrophile response element". Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37 (8): 1152–9. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.011. PMID   15451055.
• Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, et al. (1995). "Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening". Genomics. 23 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1457. PMID   7829101.
• Tsuchiya K, Mulcahy RT, Reid LL, et al. (1997). "Mapping of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (GLCLC) to human chromosome 6p12 and mouse chromosome 9D-E and of the regulatory subunit gene (GLCLR) to human chromosome 1p21-p22 and mouse chromosome 3H1-3". Genomics. 30 (3): 630–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1293. PMID   8825659.
• Sierra-Rivera E, Dasouki M, Summar ML, et al. (1997). "Assignment of the human gene (GLCLR) that encodes the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase to chromosome 1p21". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 72 (2–3): 252–4. doi:10.1159/000134202. PMID   8978789.
• Misra I, Griffith OW (1998). "Expression and purification of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase". Protein Expr. Purif. 13 (2): 268–76. doi:10.1006/prep.1998.0897. PMID   9675072.
• Rozet JM, Gerber S, Perrault I, et al. (1998). "Structure and refinement of the physical mapping of the gamma- glutamylcysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GLCLR) gene to chromosome 1p22.1 within the critically deleted region of human malignant mesothelioma". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 82 (1–2): 91–4. doi:10.1159/000015072. PMID   9841137. S2CID   46772373.
• Tu Z, Anders MW (1999). "Identification of an important cysteine residue in human glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit by site-directed mutagenesis". Biochem. J. 336 (3): 675–80. doi:10.1042/bj3360675. PMC   1219919 . PMID   9841880.
• Tipnis SR, Blake DG, Shepherd AG, McLellan LI (1999). "Overexpression of the regulatory subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in HeLa cells increases gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity and confers drug resistance". Biochem. J. 337 (3): 559–66. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3370559. PMC   1220010 . PMID   9895302.
• Galloway DC, Blake DG, McLellan LI (1999). "Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit (GLCLR) gene expression: identification of the major transcriptional start site in HT29 cells". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1446 (1–2): 47–56. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00073-1. PMID   10395918.
• Levonen AL, Lapatto R, Saksela M, Raivio KO (2000). "Expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase during development". Pediatr. Res. 47 (2): 266–70. doi: 10.1203/00006450-200002000-00019 . PMID   10674357.
• Nakamura S, Kugiyama K, Sugiyama S, et al. (2002). "Polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of human glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with myocardial infarction". Circulation. 105 (25): 2968–73. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000019739.66514.1E . PMID   12081989.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
• Nakamura S, Sugiyama S, Fujioka D, et al. (2003). "Polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with impairment of nitric oxide-mediated coronary vasomotor function". Circulation. 108 (12): 1425–7. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091255.63645.98 . PMID   12975258.
• Inoue Y, Tomisawa M, Yamazaki H, et al. (2004). "The modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM) is a molecular target for amelioration of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer". Int. J. Oncol. 23 (5): 1333–9. doi:10.3892/ijo.23.5.1333. PMID   14532974.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC   528928 . PMID   15489334.
• Song IS, Tatebe S, Dai W, Kuo MT (2005). "Delayed mechanism for induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit mRNA stability by oxidative stress involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (31): 28230–40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M413103200 . PMID   15946948.
• Chen Y, Shertzer HG, Schneider SN, et al. (2005). "Glutamate cysteine ligase catalysis: dependence on ATP and modifier subunit for regulation of tissue glutathione levels". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (40): 33766–74. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M504604200 . PMID   16081425.
• Diaz-Hernandez JI, Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M, et al. (2006). "Knockdown of glutamate-cysteine ligase by small hairpin RNA reveals that both catalytic and modulatory subunits are essential for the survival of primary neurons". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (47): 38992–9001. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M507065200 . PMID   16183645.