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KAIST is a national research university located in Daedeok Innopolis,Daejeon,South Korea. KAIST was established by the Korean government in 1971 as the nation's first public,research-oriented science and engineering institution. KAIST is considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the nation. KAIST has been internationally accredited in business education,and hosts the Secretariat of the Association of Asia-Pacific Business Schools (AAPBS). KAIST has 10,504 full-time students and 1,342 faculty researchers and had a total budget of US$765 million in 2013,of which US$459 million was from research contracts.
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission,nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently,the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants. Nuclear decay processes are used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes such as Voyager 2. Reactors producing controlled fusion power have been operated since 1958 but have yet to generate net power and are not expected to be commercially available in the near future.
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons,fissionable material,and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons,as governments fear that more countries with nuclear weapons will increase the possibility of nuclear warfare,de-stabilize international or regional relations,or infringe upon the national sovereignty of nation states.
A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter,with the aid of heat and pressure,becomes a fuel such as oil or gas. Earth minerals and metal ores,fossil fuels and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources,though individual elements are always conserved.
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) is a public research university in Hsinchu,Taiwan. It was first founded in Beijing. After the Chinese Civil War,president Mei Yiqi and other academics fled with the retreating Nationalist government to Taiwan,where they founded National Tsing Hua University in 1956. The university remains independent and distinct from Tsinghua University in Beijing.
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Science and technology studies (STS) or science,technology,and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation,development,and consequences of science and technology in their historical,cultural,and social contexts.
Abdul Qadeer Khan,,known as A. Q. Khan,was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and metallurgical engineer who is colloquially known as the "father of Pakistan's atomic weapons program".
Hacettepe University is a public research university in Ankara,Turkey. It was established on 8 July 1967. It is ranked first among the Turkish universities by University Ranking by Academic Performance in 2021.
In the 1970s and 1980s,during the military regime,Brazil had a secret program intended to develop nuclear weapons. The program was dismantled in 1990,five years after the military regime ended. Brazil is considered to possess no weapons of mass destruction but does have some of the key technologies needed to produce nuclear weapons.
Research reactors are nuclear fission-based nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors,in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production,heat generation,or maritime propulsion.
Project 596 was the first nuclear weapons test conducted by the People's Republic of China,detonated on 16 October 1964,at the Lop Nur test site. It was a uranium-235 implosion fission device made from weapons-grade uranium (U-235) enriched in a gaseous diffusion plant in Lanzhou.
The Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories,is a federally funded research and development laboratory located in Kahuta at a short distance from Rawalpindi in Punjab,Pakistan. Established in 1976,the laboratory is best known for its central role in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program and its understanding the nuclear science.
North Korea (DPRK) has been active in developing nuclear technology since the 1950s.
Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground. Over 50,000 tons of uranium were produced in 2019. Kazakhstan,Canada,and Australia were the top three uranium producers,respectively,and together account for 68% of world production. Other countries producing more than 1,000 tons per year included Namibia,Niger,Russia,Uzbekistan and China. Nearly all of the world's mined uranium is used to power nuclear power plants. Historically uranium was also used in applications such as uranium glass or ferrouranium but those applications have declined due to the radioactivity and toxicity of uranium and are nowadays mostly supplied with a plentiful cheap supply of depleted uranium which is also used in uranium ammunition. In addition to being cheaper,depleted uranium is also less radioactive due to a lower content of short-lived 234
U and 235
U than natural uranium.
Joseph-Achille Mbembe,is a Cameroonian historian and political theorist who is a research professor in history and politics at the Wits Institute for Social and Economy Research at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is well known for his writings on colonialism and its consequences and is a leading figure in new wave French critical theory.
David Fig is a South African environmental sociologist,political economist,and activist. He holds a PhD from the London School of Economics,with his thesis titled,"The political economy of South-South relations:The case of South Africa and Latin America," and specialises in questions of energy,trade,biodiversity,and corporate responsibility. His recent books include:Staking their Claims:Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in South Africa,and Uranium Road:Questioning South Africa's Nuclear Direction,which was turned into a 53-minute documentary film in 2007.
David G. Victor is a professor of innovation and public policy at the School of Global Policy and Strategy at UC San Diego,where he holds the Center for Global Transformation Endowed Chair in Innovation and Public Policy.
William Jacob Knox Jr. was an American chemist at Columbia University in New York City and one of the African American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project. Knox held an unprecedented position,serving as the only African American supervisor for the Manhattan Project. Knox is credited for nuclear research of gaseous diffusion techniques used for the separation of uranium isotopes. Knox's efforts in the development of uranium contributed to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,Japan,in 1945.
Sabina Leonelli is a philosopher of science and professor at the Technische Universität München,Germany. She is well known for her work on scientific practices,data-centric science,and open science policies. She was awarded the 2018 Lakatos Award for her book Data-Centric Biology:A Philosophical Study (2016).
References
- ↑ "Gabrielle Hecht | Department of History". history.stanford.edu.
- ↑ "Science, Technology, and Society Program (STS) | U-M LSA Science, Technology, and Society Program (STS)". lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 2025-02-02.
- ↑ "Gabrielle Hecht | Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research". wiser.wits.ac.za. Retrieved 2025-02-02.
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