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A chatbot is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.
Anthropic PBC is an American artificial intelligence (AI) startup company, founded by former members of OpenAI. Anthropic has developed a family of large language models named Claude.
OpenAI is a U.S. based artificial intelligence (AI) research organization founded in December 2015, researching artificial intelligence with the goal of developing "safe and beneficial" artificial general intelligence, which it defines as "highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work". As one of the leading organizations of the AI spring, it has developed several large language models, advanced image generation models, and previously, released open-source models. Its release of ChatGPT has been credited with starting the AI spring.
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor, GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which supersedes recurrence and convolution-based architectures with a technique known as "attention". This attention mechanism allows the model to selectively focus on segments of input text it predicts to be most relevant. It uses a 2048-tokens-long context, float16 (16-bit) precision, and a hitherto-unprecedented 175 billion parameters, requiring 350GB of storage space as each parameter takes 2 bytes of space, and has demonstrated strong "zero-shot" and "few-shot" learning abilities on many tasks.
You.com is a personalization-focused search engine. It allows its users to upvote, downvote, or block results. You.com provides additional products, including a chatbot called YouChat, an AI writing tool called YouWrite, and an AI-image generator called YouImagine, which utilizes AI models Stable Diffusion and OpenJourney.
LaMDA is a family of conversational large language models developed by Google. Originally developed and introduced as Meena in 2020, the first-generation LaMDA was announced during the 2021 Google I/O keynote, while the second generation was announced the following year. In June 2022, LaMDA gained widespread attention when Google engineer Blake Lemoine made claims that the chatbot had become sentient. The scientific community has largely rejected Lemoine's claims, though it has led to conversations about the efficacy of the Turing test, which measures whether a computer can pass for a human. In February 2023, Google announced Bard, a conversational artificial intelligence chatbot powered by LaMDA, to counter the rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT.
ChatGPT is a chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched on November 30, 2022. Based on a large language model, it enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language. Successive prompts and replies, known as prompt engineering, are considered at each conversation stage as a context.
In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), a hallucination or artificial hallucination is a response generated by AI which contains false or misleading information presented as fact. This term draws a loose analogy with human psychology, where hallucination typically involves false percepts. However, there’s a key difference: AI hallucination is associated with unjustified responses or beliefs rather than perceptual experiences.
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a multimodal large language model created by OpenAI, and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. It was launched on March 14, 2023, and made publicly available via the paid chatbot product ChatGPT Plus, via OpenAI's API, and via the free chatbot Microsoft Copilot. As a transformer-based model, GPT-4 uses a paradigm where pre-training using both public data and "data licensed from third-party providers" is used to predict the next token. After this step, the model was then fine-tuned with reinforcement learning feedback from humans and AI for human alignment and policy compliance.
Generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) are a type of large language model (LLM) and a prominent framework for generative artificial intelligence. They are artificial neural networks that are used in natural language processing tasks. GPTs are based on the transformer architecture, pre-trained on large data sets of unlabelled text, and able to generate novel human-like content. As of 2023, most LLMs have these characteristics and are sometimes referred to broadly as GPTs.
Generative artificial intelligence is artificial intelligence capable of generating text, images, videos, or other data using generative models, often in response to prompts. Generative AI models learn the patterns and structure of their input training data and then generate new data that has similar characteristics.
The AI boom, or AI spring, is the ongoing period of rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence. Prominent examples include protein folding prediction led by Google DeepMind and generative AI led by OpenAI.
Ernie Bot, full name Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration, is an AI chatbot service product of Baidu, under development since 2019. It is based on a large language model named "Ernie 4.0", announced on October 17, 2023.
Microsoft Copilot is a chatbot developed by Microsoft and launched on February 7, 2023. Based on a large language model, it is able to cite sources, create poems, and write songs. It is Microsoft's primary replacement for the discontinued Cortana.
Google Gemini, formerly known as Google Bard, is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by Google. Based on the large language model (LLM) of the same name and developed as a direct response to the meteoric rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT, it was launched in a limited capacity in March 2023 before expanding to other countries in May. It was previously based on PaLM, and initially the LaMDA family of large language models.
GPTZero is an artificial intelligence detection software developed to identify artificially generated text, such as that produced by large language models.
Grok is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by xAI, based on a large language model (LLM). It was developed as an initiative by Elon Musk as a direct response to the rise of OpenAI's ChatGPT which Musk co-founded. The chatbot is advertised as "having a sense of humor" and direct access to Twitter (X). It is currently under beta testing for those with the premium version of X.
Claude is a family of large language models developed by Anthropic. The first model was released in March 2023. Claude 3, released in March 2024, can also analyze images.
YandexGPT is a neural network of the GPT family developed by the Russian company Yandex LLC. YandexGPT can create and revise texts, generate new ideas and capture the context of the conversation with the user.
References
- 1 2 John, Amy Sarah (24 November 2023). "Russia's ChatGPT rival GigaChat will soon generate music from text prompts". Wire19. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- 1 2 3 "Russia's Sberbank releases ChatGPT rival GigaChat". Reuters. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ↑ Stefanie Schappert (28 April 2023). "Russia now has its own ChatGPT, introducing GigaChat". Cybernews. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- 1 2 "Russian GigaChat AI Offers Burger King a Recipe for Success". Modern Diplomacy. 9 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ↑ Bureau, The Hindu (1 May 2023). "Russia introduces GigaChat to compete with OpenAI's ChatGPT". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ↑ "What Is GigaChat: Can It Compete ChatGPT - Dataconomy". 1 August 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
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