Gilain de Sart

Last updated April 04, 2019

Ghislain or Gilain de Sart (1379–1444) was Chancellor of Brabant from 1429 to 1431, effectively ruling the Duchy of Brabant for some months in 1430.^[1]

The Chancellor of Brabant was the head of the civilian government of the late medieval and early-modern Duchy of Brabant as president of the Council of Brabant.

The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt.

Life

Gilain was born in Sart, Brabant, in 1379. In 1396 he matriculated at the University of Cologne.^[2] In 1408 he was appointed to a prebend of Saint Lambert's Cathedral, Liège, and in 1411 to a canonry in the Royal Church of St Mary in Aachen. He also briefly became attached to the household of Pierre d'Ailly. A career ecclesiastic, although only in minor orders, he amassed a number of clerical livings, including a canonry of the Church of St. Denis in Liège. When John of Walenrode, Prince-Bishop of Liège, died in 1419, de Sart acquired his private library.

The University of Cologne is a university in Cologne, Germany. It was the sixth university to be established in Central Europe and, although it closed in 1798 before being re-established in 1919, it is now one of the largest universities in Germany with more than 48,000 students. The University of Cologne is a German Excellence University, and as of 2017 it ranks 145th globally according to Times Higher Education'.'

Saint Lamberts Cathedral, Liège cathedral

St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège was the cathedral of Liège, Belgium, until 1794, when its destruction began. This enormous Gothic cathedral, dedicated to Saint Lambert of Maastricht, occupied the site of the present Place Saint-Lambert in the centre of Liège.

Aachen Cathedral, traditionally called in English the Cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle, is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, western Germany, and the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen.

Under Walenrode's successor, John of Heinsberg, de Sart was appointed chancellor of the prince-bishopric. In 1428 he was also appointed to the council of Philip I, Duke of Brabant, and in 1429 Chancellor of Brabant, resigning the chancellorship of Liège. At Philip's death without immediate heir, the government devolved upon de Sart until the succession was settled. The new duke, Philip the Good, relieved de Sart not only of the regency but also of the chancellorship, reinstating his rival Joannes Bont.

John of Heinsberg (1397–1459), was Prince-Bishop of Liège from 1419 to 1456.

Philip I, Duke of Brabant Duke of Brabant

Philip I, Duke of Brabant, also known as Philip of Saint Pol, was the younger son of Antoine, Duke of Brabant and Jeanne of Saint-Pol, and succeeded his brother John IV as Duke of Brabant in 1427. He had already been given Saint-Pol and Ligny as an appanage on the death of his grandfather, Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt.

Philip the Good was Duke of Burgundy as Philip III from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty, to which all the 15th-century kings of France belonged. During his reign, Burgundy reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts. Philip is known in history for his administrative reforms, his patronage of Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck and Franco-Flemish composers such as Gilles Binchois, and the capture of Joan of Arc. In political affairs, he alternated between alliances with the English and the French in an attempt to improve his dynasty's position. As ruler of Flanders, Brabant, Limburg, Artois, Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, Friesland and Namur, he played an important role in the history of the Low Countries.

In 1433 De Sart matriculated at the University of Leuven, where the Faculty of Theology had just opened. By 1437 he was living in retirement in Liège.

The Old University of Leuven is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant, in 1425. The university was closed in 1797, a week after the cession to the French Republic of the Austrian Netherlands and the principality of Liège by the Treaty of Campo Formio.

The Old University of Leuven was established in 1425 with Faculties of Arts, Medicine, Law; however, the university did not have a Faculty of Theology initially. In 1426 a Faculty of Canon Law was added, and at that time both Law Faculties functioned together in one Collegium utriusque iuris.

In 1442 he was present in the entourage of John of Heinsberg at the coronation in Aachen of Frederick III as King of the Romans. As a canon of the Royal Church of St Mary it was he who heard the emperor's confession before the beginning of the ceremony.^[3]

Frederick III was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death. He was the first emperor of the House of Habsburg, and the fourth member of the House of Habsburg to be elected King of Germany after Rudolf I of Germany, Albert I in the 13th century and his predecessor Albert II of Germany. He was the penultimate emperor to be crowned by the Pope, and the last to be crowned in Rome.

King of the Romans was a title used by Syagrius, then by the German king following his election by the princes from the time of Emperor Henry II (1014–1024) onward. The title was predominantly a claim to become Holy Roman Emperor and was dependent upon coronation by the Pope.

He died in Liège on 16 June 1444.

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References

↑ A. de Geradon, "L'étrange carrière du chanoine Gilain de Sart, chancelier de Liège et de Brabant", Bulletin de l'Institut archéologique liégeois 88 (1976), pp. 129-135.
↑ Geradon, 125.
↑ Geradon, 146.

Preceded by Joannes Bont	Chancellor of Brabant 1429 – 1431	Succeeded by Joannes Bont

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[1] A. de Geradon, "L'étrange carrière du chanoine Gilain de Sart, chancelier de Liège et de Brabant", Bulletin de l'Institut archéologique liégeois 88 (1976), pp. 129-135.

[2] Geradon, 125.

[3] Geradon, 146.