Giulio Chiarugi (28 January 1859 – 17 March 1944) was an Italian anatomist and embryologist. He was one of the founders of experimental embryology in Italy and wrote a landmark treatise on embryology, Trattato di embriologia (1944). He also founded the zoological journal Monitore Zoológico Italiano in 1890.
Chiarugi was born in Castelletto di Chiusdino, Siena to craftsman Pietro and Elisa from Puglia. Educated at Siena, he studied medicine briefly there before moving to Turin to graduate in 1882. He took an interest anatomical research at the anatomical institute under Guglielmo Romiti. He succeeded Romiti in 1886 and in 1888 became a professor of anatomy at the University of Siena. In 1890 he moved to the University of Florence to succeed Alessandro Tafani. Chiarugi worked at the intersection of zoology, embryology, and anatomy. He founded the interdisciplinary journal Monitore Zoológico Italiano in 1890 along with Eugenio Ficalbi , and in 1910 it became the journal of the Unione Zoológica Italiana and in 1929 of the Società Italiana di Anatomí. [1] It is now known by the title Ethology Ecology & Evolution . [2] He was Dean of medicine from 1891-92 until 1923-24 when he became rector. He resigned in 1924. One of his major findings was that the embryological development of the heart, noting that pulsations began very early in embryonic development. Another study was on the size of brains of Italians. [3] Chiarugi influenced several Italian anatomists including Lorenzo Bianchi, Luigi Castaldi, [4] Ciardi-Dupré, Livini, and Rutilio Staderini.
In June 1900 he was elected to the Parliament in Siena as a member of the Radical Party and one of his actions was to reduce the work hours of hospital nurses. He was a councilor for the city of Florence in 1909 and became a mayor of the city for 1909–1910. [3] His son Alberto Chiarugi (1901-1960) became a noted botanist. [5]
Karl Gegenbaur was a German anatomist and professor who demonstrated that the field of comparative anatomy offers important evidence supporting of the theory of evolution. As a professor of anatomy at the University of Jena (1855–1873) and at the University of Heidelberg (1873–1903), Karl Gegenbaur was a strong supporter of Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution, having taught and worked, beginning in 1858, with Ernst Haeckel, eight years his junior.
Keith Leon Moore was a professor in the division of anatomy, in the faculty of Surgery, at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Moore was associate dean for Basic Medical Sciences in the university's faculty of Medicine and was Chair of Anatomy from 1976 to 1984. He was a founding member of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA) and was President of the AACA between 1989 and 1991.
The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is an umbrella scientific organization of national and multinational Anatomy Associations, dedicated to anatomy and biomorphological sciences.
Angelo Ruffini was an Italian histologist and embryologist.
Filippo Silvestri was an Italian entomologist. He specialised in world Protura, Thysanura, Diplura and Isoptera, but also worked on Hymenoptera, Myriapoda and Italian Diptera. He is also noted for describing and naming the previously unknown order Zoraptera. In 1938 he was nominated to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the scientific academy of the Vatican.
Ragazzi del Juke-Box is a 1959 Italian "musicarello" film directed by Lucio Fulci and starring Mario Carotenuto, Elke Sommer and Anthony Steffen. Lucio Fulci has a cameo in the film as a festival organizer.
Unione Zoologica Italiana is an Italian scientific society devoted to Zoology especially that of Italy.
Gaetano Giulio Zumbo (1656–1701) was an Italian sculptor in wax or wax modeller of the Baroque era. His primary talents were not those generally considered as artistic but devoted to the creation of scientific models that were highly regarded as curiosity pieces in his time. He has also been called an anatomist.
Carlo Pollonera was an Italian painter, particularly of landscapes, and also an important malacologist.
This bibliography lists publications authored by the Italian malacologist and painter Carlo Pollonera (1849-1923). The article endeavours to be comprehensive, and includes all works listed in previous bibliographies of Pollonera. Zoological Record and AnimalBase have also been utilised. Works listed without an internet link have generally not been examined directly. Dates given here follow those printed on the individual issue wrappers, which sometimes differ from those on the title page of the volume.
Giuseppe Nazzareno Sterzi (1876–1919) was an Italian anatomist, neuroanatomist and medical historian. Although his research activity encompassed no more than fifteen years, the themes treated by Sterzi are relevant to neuroanatomy and history of anatomy. Sterzi’s research on comparative neuroanatomy and embryology were acknowledged by numerous contemporaries and many of his discoveries were soon incorporated into anatomy textbooks. Sterzi was awarded several scientific prizes, among which were the ‘Premio Fossati’ of the Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e di Lettere, Milano in 1909 and the ‘Prix Lallemand’ of the Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France, Paris in 1912.
Giuseppe Nobili (1877-1908) was an Italian zoologist at the University of Turin, specialising in Crustacea, who was born at Omegna in Piedmont in 1877 and died at Omegna in 1908. His father was Dr. Gaudenzio Nobili and his mother, Adele Antonioli Nobili.
Francesco Saverio Monticelli (1863–1927) was an Italian zoologist at the Zoological Museum of Naples.
Ethology Ecology & Evolution is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the ecology, evolution or genetics of behaviour. It was established in 1890 as Monitore Zoologico Italiano, obtaining its current name in 1989, with volume numbering restarted at 1. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editor-in-chief is Alberto Ugolini.
Nello Beccari was an Italian professor of comparative and human anatomy. He studied sexual cells of vertebrates and their nervous systems.
Luigi Castaldi was an Italian anatomist and physician. He demonstrated endocrine function on development and growth. He also wrote on the history of anatomy.
Pietro Pavesi was an Italian professor of zoology at the University of Pavia. He also served as a mayor of Pavia from 1899 to 1902.
Giovanni Vastarini-Cresi was an Italian anatomist and professor at the Naples Anatomical Institute. He is especially known for studies of the human tongue and arterio-venous anastomoses in humans and other animals.
Emerico Luna was an Italian anatomist and professor at the University of Palermo. His studies included histology, embryology, and development of mitochondria, histology of the nervous system and connective tissues and was a founder of the Italian Anatomical Society. He was a pioneer of clinical radiology.
Henryk Karol Klemens Kadyi was a Polish comparative anatomist and histologist who helped establish veterinary research in Poland. He contributed to studies of the thyroid and the vascular system associated with the spinal cord. He established the use of heavy metal salts like uranyl acetate for the staining of nerve and brain tissues.
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