Gleam (programming language)

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Gleam
Gleam Lucy.png
Lucy, the starfish mascot for Gleam [1]
Paradigm Multi-paradigm: functional, concurrent [2]
Designed by Louis Pilfold
Developer Louis Pilfold
First appearedJune 13, 2016;8 years ago (2016-06-13)
Stable release
1.6.1 [3]   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg / 19 November 2024
Typing discipline Type-safe, static, inferred [2]
Memory management Garbage collected
Implementation language Rust
OS FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, Windows [4]
License Apache License 2.0 [5]
Filename extensions .gleam
Website gleam.run
Influenced by
[6]

Gleam is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language that compiles to Erlang or JavaScript source code. [2] [7] [8]

Contents

Gleam is a statically-typed language, [9] which is different from the most popular languages that run on Erlang’s virtual machine BEAM, Erlang and Elixir. Gleam has its own type-safe implementation of OTP, Erlang's actor framework. [10] Packages are provided using the Hex package manager, and an index for finding packages written for Gleam is available. [11]

History

The first numbered version of Gleam was released on April 15, 2019. [12] Compiling to JavaScript was introduced with version v0.16. [13]

In 2023 the Erlang Ecosystem Foundation funded the creation of a course for learning Gleam on the learning platform Exercism. [14]

Version v1.0.0 was released on March 4, 2024. [15]

Features

Gleam includes the following features, many common to other functional programming languages: [8]

Example

A "Hello, World!" example:

import gleam/io  pub fn main() {   io.println("hello, world!") }

Gleam supports tail call optimization: [16] 

pub fn factorial(x: Int) -> Int {   // The public function calls the private tail recursive function   factorial_loop(x, 1) }  fn factorial_loop(x: Int, accumulator: Int) -> Int {   case x {     1 -> accumulator      // The last thing this function does is call itself     _ -> factorial_loop(x - 1, accumulator * x)   } }

Implementation

Gleam's toolchain is implemented in the Rust programming language. [17] The toolchain is a single native binary executable which contains the compiler, build tool, package manager, source code formatter, and language server. A WebAssembly binary containing the Gleam compiler is also available, enabling Gleam code to be compiled within a web browser.

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References

  1. ↑ "gleam-lang/gleam Issues - New logo and mascot #2551". GitHub .
  2. 1 2 3 "Gleam Homepage". 2024.
  3. ↑ "Release 1.6.1". November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Installing Gleam". 2024.
  5. ↑ "Gleam License File". GitHub . December 5, 2021.
  6. ↑ Pilfold, Louis (February 7, 2024). "Gleam: Past, Present, Future!". Fosdem 2024– via YouTube.
  7. ↑ Krill, Paul (March 5, 2024). "Gleam language available in first stable release". InfoWorld. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  8. 1 2 Eastman, David (June 22, 2024). "Introduction to Gleam, a New Functional Programming Language". The New Stack. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  9. ↑ De Simone, Sergio (March 16, 2024). "Erlang-Runtime Statically-Typed Functional Language Gleam Reaches 1.0". InfoQ. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  10. ↑ Getting to know Actors in Gleam - Raúl Chouza. Code BEAM America. March 27, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024– via YouTube.
  11. ↑ "Introducing the Gleam package index – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  12. ↑ "Hello, Gleam! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  13. ↑ "v0.16 - Gleam compiles to JavaScript! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  14. ↑ Alistair, Woodman (December 2023). "Erlang Ecosystem Foundation Annual General Meeting 2023 Chair's Report".
  15. ↑ "Gleam version 1 – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Tail Calls". The Gleam Language Tour. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  17. ↑ gleam-lang/gleam, Gleam, May 6, 2024, retrieved May 6, 2024


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