Graeme Moad | |
---|---|
Born | [1] | 25 June 1952
Nationality | Australian |
Alma mater | University of Adelaide |
Known for | polymer design and synthesis |
Awards | AC (2022) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | polymer chemistry |
Institutions | CSIRO |
Graeme Moad AC FAA FTSE FRS (born 25 June 1952) is an Australian polymer chemist.
Moad received a Bachelor of Science in 1974 and a Ph.D. in 1977, both from the University of Adelaide. He followed this with postdoctoral research at Pennsylvania State University.
In 1979 he joined the CSIRO in Melbourne; CSIRO is Australia's largest scientific research organisation. He has made substantial contributions to the theory of free radical polymerization, and he was co-author with David Solomon of the definitive reference book: The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization (Moad & Solomon, 2006). With fellow CSIRO polymer chemists Ezio Rizzardo and San Thang he is a co-developer of the RAFT process.
In 2012 Moad received the Battaerd-Jordan Polymer Medal, [2] [3] and was also elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. [4] In 2020 he was awarded their David Craig Medal and Lecture. [5]
In 2014, he shared the ATSE Clunies-Ross Award with San Thang and Ezio Rizzardo. [3] He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2021. [6] Moad was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in the 2022 Australia Day Honours for "eminent service to science, particularly polymer design and synthesis and radical polymerization, education through mentoring, and to professional scientific organisations". [7] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2023. [8]
Nancy Fannie Millis was an Australian microbiologist and Emeritus Professor who introduced fermentation technologies to Australia, and created the first applied microbiology course taught in an Australian university.
In chemistry, initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Initiation creates a reactive centre on a molecule which produces a chain reaction. The reactive centre generated by initiation is usually a radical, but can also be cations or anions. Once the reaction is initiated, the species goes through propagation where the reactive species reacts with stable molecules, producing stable species and reactive species. This process can produce very long chains of molecules called polymers, which are the building blocks for many materials. After propagation, the reaction is then terminated. There are different types of initiation, with the two main ways being thermal initiation and photo-initiation (light).
Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer or RAFT polymerization is one of several kinds of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. It makes use of a chain-transfer agent (CTA) in the form of a thiocarbonylthio compound to afford control over the generated molecular weight and polydispersity during a free-radical polymerization. Discovered at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia in 1998, RAFT polymerization is one of several living or controlled radical polymerization techniques, others being atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), etc. RAFT polymerization uses thiocarbonylthio compounds, such as dithioesters, thiocarbamates, and xanthates, to mediate the polymerization via a reversible chain-transfer process. As with other controlled radical polymerization techniques, RAFT polymerizations can be performed under conditions that favor low dispersity and a pre-chosen molecular weight. RAFT polymerization can be used to design polymers of complex architectures, such as linear block copolymers, comb-like, star, brush polymers, dendrimers and cross-linked networks.
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