Graham Ivan Clark | |
|---|---|
 Booking photo from July 2020 | |
| Born | Graham Ivan Clark January 9, 2003 Tampa, Florida, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Kirk, OpenHCF, Open, Scrim, Feed, Graham$ |
| Education | Gaither High School |
| Known for | 2020 Twitter bitcoin scam |
| Criminal status | Released |
| Parent |
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Graham Ivan Clark (born January 9, 2003) is an American computer hacker, cybercriminal and a convicted felon regarded as the mastermind behind the 2020 Twitter account hijacking.
Graham Ivan Clark grew up in Hillsborough County, Florida, with his mother, father, and older sister. [1] His parents divorced when he was 7; as of 2020, his father lives in Indiana. [2] During his teenage years, Clark used various aliases while participating in online communities, gaining notoriety as a scammer in the "hardcore factions" Minecraft community. [3] In 2018, Graham joined OGUsers, a forum dedicated to selling, buying, and trading online accounts, and was banned after four days.
In 2019, at the age of 16, Clark was involved in stealing 164 bitcoins from Gregg Bennett, a Seattle-based angel investor, through a SIM swap attack. Clark sent two extortion notes under the alias "Scrim", stating, "We just want the remainder of the funds in the Bittrex", referring to the cryptocurrency exchange "Bittrex" that Bennett had used, and "We are always one step ahead and this is your easiest option." The United States Secret Service managed to recover only 100 bitcoins from the heist. [4] In an interview, Bennett said he was told by a Secret Service agent that the person with the stolen bitcoins was not arrested because he was a minor. [2]
Clark is widely regarded as the "mastermind" of the 2020 Twitter account hijacking, [5] [6] an event in which Clark worked with Mason Sheppard and Nima Fazeli to compromise 130 high-profile Twitter accounts to push a cryptocurrency scam involving bitcoin along with seizing "OG" (short for original) usernames to sell on OGUsers. At the time, Sheppard was 19, Fazeli was 22, and Clark was 17. Sheppard and Fazeli specialized in playing the role of brokers in selling the Twitter handles on OGUsers.
The Twitter hack began on June 14 when Sheppard and Fazeli assisted Clark in manipulating employees through social engineering. [7] This involved calling multiple Twitter employees and posing as the help desk in Twitter's IT department responding to a reported problem with Twitter's internal VPN. From there, Clark directed the employee to a phishing site that was identical in appearance to Twitter's VPN log-in portal. When the employee entered their information into the phishing portal, the credentials were simultaneously entered onto the real log-in page. After one employee account was compromised, it was used to review instructions on Twitter's intranet on how to take over Twitter accounts. [8]
On July 31, 2020, Clark was arrested at his home in Northdale, Florida. He faced 30 criminal charges, including 17 counts of communication fraud, 11 counts of fraudulent use of personal information, one count of organized fraud for more than $5,000, and one count of accessing a computer or electronic device without authority. His bail was set at $725,000 and he pleaded not guilty. His hearing was held on March 16, 2021, via Zoom at Hillsborough County Jail. He was sentenced to three years in prison followed by three years of probation as part of a plea deal under Florida's Youthful Offender Act, which limits the penalties for convicted felons under the age of 21. [9] According to the Tampa Bay Times , he was able to serve part of his time in a military-style boot camp. [10]
The plea agreement [11] stipulated that Clark could not "direct[ly] or indirect[ly] access" any electronic device without both the express permission of his prohibition officer and the notification of the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. He was also required to provide a list of "any and all electronic mail addresses, Interactive computer services, Internet domain names, commercial social networking websites, online or remote storage and computing devices, Internet identifiers and each Internet identifier's corresponding website [sic] homepage or application software name; home telephone numbers and cellular telephone numbers in his care custody or control." Additionally, he was ordered to disclose passwords, security codes, tokens, and key fobs. [12]
Clark was released from Saint Petersburg Community Release Center on February 16, 2023.[ citation needed ]
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Silk Road was an online black market and the first modern darknet market. It was launched in 2011 by its American founder Ross Ulbricht under the pseudonym "Dread Pirate Roberts". As part of the dark web, Silk Road operated as a hidden service on the Tor network, allowing users to buy and sell products and services between each other anonymously. All transactions were conducted with bitcoin, a cryptocurrency which aided in protecting user identities. The website was known for its illegal drug marketplace, among other illegal and legal product listings. Between February 2011 and July 2013, the site facilitated sales amounting to 9,519,664 Bitcoins.
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Cryptocurrency and crime describe notable examples of cybercrime related to theft of cryptocurrencies and some methods or security vulnerabilities commonly exploited. Cryptojacking is a form of cybercrime specific to cryptocurrencies that have been used on websites to hijack a victim's resources and use them for hashing and mining cryptocurrency.
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