The Granville Colliery was a coal mine in Swadlincote, Derbyshire, England. It has its origins in a nearby mine established in 1780, but mining began on the site of the colliery in 1823. The Granville Colliery Company was founded in 1872 to take over the mine and expanded the works, opening the Granville No. 2 Colliery nearby. Production peaked at 225,000 long tons (229,000 t) of coal in 1891. The two collieries combined into a single works by 1933 and in 1947 were nationalised under the National Coal Board (NCB). The surface works were closed in 1967 when the underground works were connected with the NCB's Rawdon Colliery, Leicestershire.
Granville Colliery has its origins in a colliery opened by Bernard Dewes at the edge of Swadlincote Common around 1780. [1] In 1823 Court Dewes sank the Common and Church Pits to reach the Main seam of the Leicestershire and South Derbyshire Coalfield at the site of the what became Granville No.1 Colliery. [2] The colliery prospered with the development nearby canal and railway networks. In 1847 mineral rights were purchased for land at Gresley Common and in 1859 for Ashby Wolds, allowing expansion of the mine workings. [1]
In 1872 the colliery was sold at auction by the trustees of the estate of Court Granville. Most or all of the works were purchased by a syndicate of men, mainly from Birmingham, for £75,000. The purchasers incorporated the Granville Colliery Company on 12 July 1872 and proceeded to expand the workings. A new pit to the east was begun in 1887 and designated the Granville No. 2 Colliery. During this time new mineral rights were acquired by the company as the original seams were exhausted. These new seams were at greater depths than before and were more expensive to exploit. [2] The workforce expanded accordingly; in 1888 the company employed 91 surface and 335 underground workers by the 1890s this rose to a total of around 600 men and boys. In 1891 the company produced its highest ever output of 225,000 long tons (229,000 t) of coal. [2] In the 1890s the No.1 colliery worked the Block, Little and Main Seams and No.2 colliery the Woodfield and Eureka seams. [3]
By 1900 No.1 Colliery had ceased working the Main seam and started on the Cannel seam and No.2 had started to work the Kilburn seam. [3] The Granville Colliery Company also operated the Granville Flour Mill and a nearby fish pond was used as a head of water for the mine and a reception point for water pumped form the workings. [4] The collieries were connected to a branch of the Midland Railway. [2]
In 1906 the Granville Colliery Company bought what was popularly known as the Shoddy Pit for access to additional mining rights. This pit had had a number of owners including Moses Cartwright and its popular name was derived from the poor working conditions there, being liable to flooding and collapse. It had operated for a period as a miners co-operative but this failed in 1896 after a shaft collapsed. The colliery then came into the ownership of Robert Cartwright and Edmund Sharpe (of Sharpe's Pottery) who pumped it out and resumed production but this venture was liquidated in 1897 and the mining rights purchased by Wraggs, a ceramics company, but this venture also failed. [4]
No. 1 Colliery ceased mining the Little seam in March 1915 as it had been exhausted; that same year No. 2 colliery began working the Stockings seam. [3] By 1933 the two collieries were considered as a single entity and were powered by electricity. [3] [5] In that year the company employed 391 underground and 120 surface workers and worked the Woodfield, Kilburn, Two-yard and Yard seams; the colliery also produced fireclay. By 1940 it was working just the Four Feet and Two Yard Seems and had 315 underground and 138 surface workers. The local member of parliament, Herbert Wragg had become a director by this time. [5] In 1941 the colliery opened a bath and canteen building. [1]
Ownership of the colliery transferred to the National Coal Board (NCB) in 1947 under the provisions of the Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946. [2] At the time of transfer the colliery employed 384 underground workers and 159 surface workers. [3] The surface buildings were closed in 1967 when the underground workings were connected to the Rawdon Colliery, Leicestershire (near to Moira) which continued in operation under the NCB. [1]
The Durham Mining Museum records show that at least 38 men were killed during operation of the colliery, nine of these known deaths came before the Granville Colliery Company took it over and none during the period of NCB control. The earliest recorded death was in 1852 and the last in 1914, which was the last of eight deaths since 1906, all attributed to roof collapses. [3]
One death not recorded by the Durham Mining Museum occurred at 2:10 pm on 24 March 1911 when a gunpowder store exploded. The deceased was Frank Bodycote (also recorded as Bodicote). Bodycote was killed shortly after he entered the store with a horse and cart to withdraw explosives for the next week of mining. The explosion knocked down trees in a nearby plantation and was heard as far away as Burton upon Trent, 6–7 miles (9.7–11.3 km) away, where a vibration similar to an earthquake was felt and windows rattled in their frames. Bodycote's body was never found, reported as being "shattered to fragments", but his horse survived with minor injuries despite being thrown high into the air by the blast. A report on the explosion was presented to the Home Secretary who declined to order any further investigation. A new road near to the site of the colliery was named Frank Bodycote Way in 1999. [6]
In 2018 a memorial lectern was erected on Common Road near where the colliery stood noting that the footpaths there were used by workers of the colliery as well as the T.G. Green and Mason Cash potteries to travel to their nearby workplaces. [7] Part of the Granville No.1 Colliery site has been redeveloped as a dry ski slope and toboggan run. [8] The site of the No.2 Colliery is now home to light industrial units. [9]
Agecroft Colliery was a coal mine on the Manchester Coalfield that opened in 1844 in the Agecroft district of Pendlebury, Lancashire, England. It exploited the coal seams of the Middle Coal Measures of the Lancashire Coalfield. The colliery had two spells of use; the first between 1844 and 1932, when the most accessible coal seams were exploited, and a second lease of life after extensive development in the late 1950s to access the deepest seams.
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Chatterley Whitfield Colliery is a disused coal mine on the outskirts of Chell, Staffordshire in Stoke on Trent, England. It was the largest mine working the North Staffordshire Coalfield and was the first colliery in the UK to produce one million tons of saleable coal in a year.
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The Knockshinnoch disaster was a mining accident that occurred in September 1950 in the village of New Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. A glaciated lake filled with liquid peat and moss flooded pit workings, trapping more than a hundred miners underground. For several days rescue teams worked non-stop to reach the trapped men. Most were eventually rescued three days later, but 13 died. The disaster was an international media event.
Coal mining in the United Kingdom dates back to Roman times and occurred in many different parts of the country. Britain's coalfields are associated with Northumberland and Durham, North and South Wales, Yorkshire, the Scottish Central Belt, Lancashire, Cumbria, the East and West Midlands and Kent. After 1972, coal mining quickly collapsed and had practically disappeared by the 21st century. The consumption of coal—mostly for electricity—fell from 157 million tonnes in 1970 to just 587,000 tonnes in 2023. Employment in coal mines fell from a peak of 1,191,000 in 1920 to 695,000 in 1956, 247,000 in 1976, 44,000 in 1993, 2,000 in 2015, and to 360 in 2022.
The Lancashire Coalfield in North West England was an important British coalfield. Its coal seams were formed from the vegetation of tropical swampy forests in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago.
The Astley and Tyldesley Collieries Company formed in 1900 owned coal mines on the Lancashire Coalfield south of the railway in Astley and Tyldesley, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. The company became part of Manchester Collieries in 1929 and some of its collieries were nationalised in 1947.
Tyldesley Coal Company was a coal mining company formed in 1870 in Tyldesley, on the Manchester Coalfield in the historic county of Lancashire, England that had its origins in Yew Tree Colliery, the location for a mining disaster that killed 25 men and boys in 1858.
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Gin Pit was a coal mine operating on the Lancashire Coalfield from the 1840s in Tyldesley, Greater Manchester then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. It exploited the Middle Coal Measures of the Manchester Coalfield and was situated to the south of the Tyldesley Loopline.
Mosley Common Colliery was a coal mine originally owned by the Bridgewater Trustees operating on the Manchester Coalfield after 1866 in Mosley Common, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. The colliery eventually had five shafts and became the largest colliery on the Lancashire Coalfield with access to around 270 million tons of coal under the Permian rocks to the south.
Bradford Colliery was a coal mine in Bradford, Manchester, England. Although part of the Manchester Coalfield, the seams of the Bradford Coalfield correspond more closely to those of the Oldham Coalfield. The Bradford Coalfield is crossed by a number of fault lines, principally the Bradford Fault, which was reactivated by mining activity in the mid-1960s.
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This is a partial glossary of coal mining terminology commonly used in the coalfields of the United Kingdom. Some words were in use throughout the coalfields, some are historic and some are local to the different British coalfields.
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