Great Synagogue (Copenhagen)

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Great Synagogue
THE GREAT SYNAGOGUE,COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.jpg
The Great Synagogue in 2009
Religion
Affiliation Orthodox Judaism
Rite Nusach Ashkenaz
Location
LocationKrystalgade 12, Copenhagen
Country Denmark
Location map Denmark Copenhagen.png
Red pog.svg
Location of the synagogue in Copenhagen
Geographic coordinates 55°40′52″N12°34′24″E / 55.68112°N 12.57346°E / 55.68112; 12.57346
Architecture
Architect(s) Gustav Friedrich Hetsch
Type Synagogue architecture
Style
Date established17th century (as a congregation)
Completed1833
Illustration of the Great Synagogue from around 1899 Synagogen Krystalgade 1899.png
Illustration of the Great Synagogue from around 1899

The Great Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at Krystalgade 12, in Copenhagen, Denmark. The congregation was formed at some stage during the 17th century and their first synagogue completed in 1766. The current synagogue was completed in 1833 and is defined by its unique architecture around the Ark. During the first half of the 19th century, synagogues continued to be built in the classical tradition, but there began to be a revival of Greek and Roman architecture. The Great Synagogue in Copenhagen is one of a few synagogues of its period to use Egyptian elements in the columns, ceiling and cornice over the ark. [1]

Contents

History

Arrival of Jews into Denmark

Jews arrived into Denmark from 1622 when they were invited into the country by Denmark's king. [2] Although they were scattered around, many of the Jews settled in Copenhagen. [2] Abraham Salomon became the first rabbi in the country in 1687. [3] From 1766 until 1795, around 1,500 Jews worshipped in a small synagogue until it burned down. [2] After the synagogue burned down, a division occurred between the Orthodox and Progressive members of the Jewish community. [2] As a result, the building of a new synagogue was halted and many members resorted to worshipping in various homes. [2] This division lasted for about 30 years until it was extinguished. [2] The building of the Great Synagogue occurred after this. [2] In 1814, Jews who were living in Denmark were given the same rights as other citizens as a result of the Royal Decree. [3]

Architecture

Construction of the Great Synagogue was completed in 1833. [4] It was designed by Danish architect Gustav Friedrich Hetsch. [4] The synagogue was designed with the Neoclassical style in mind, which is demonstrated through the building's simplistic design. [4] The interior of the building, however, has designs that are from the Egyptian Revival style. [4] This style works to help give the synagogue a more Eastern European feel rather than the traditional Northern European feel. [4]

World War II

During World War II, the Torah scrolls of the synagogue were hidden at the Trinitatis Church and were returned to the synagogue after the war.[ citation needed ]

Terrorist attacks

1985

On 22 July 1985, the synagogue was struck by a bomb placed by Palestinian terrorists. While no people were injured in the attack on the synagogue, a second bomb placed by the same group destroyed the Copenhagen offices of the American Northwest Orient Airlines, killing one person and injuring 26. [5] [6] 4 individuals with links to Palestinian nationalist organizations, including Mohammed Abu Talb, were later convicted for these and several other terrorist attacks.

2015

A shooting occurred outside the synagogue on 15 February 2015, killing a Jewish community member, who had been providing security, and wounding two Danish Security and Intelligence Service police officers who were shot in the arms and legs. [7] [8] [9] [10] The shooting occurred a few hours after another shooting at a Denmark café. [11] Swedish artist Lars Vilks is believed to be the main target of the café shooting. [11] At the time of the shooting, a discussion was being held about cartoon portrayals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. [11] Vilks has received death threats in the past for his cartoon portrayals of the prophet. [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Events from the year 1985 in Denmark.

Terrorism in Denmark refers to terrorist attacks carried out in Denmark or by people connected to Denmark. Like other countries Denmark increased its focus on defending against terrorist attacks after the September 11 attacks in New York in 2001. The September 11 attacks led to strengthened laws in a number of areas. 31 May 2002 the parliament of Denmark approved anti-terror legislation with the aim of preventing terrorism in Denmark and internationally. The new legislation aligned with the definitions of terrorism which were in use by the European Union and the United Nations.

The following lists events that happened in 2015 in Denmark.

On 14–15 February 2015, three separate shootings occurred in Copenhagen, Denmark. In total, two victims and the perpetrator were killed, while five police officers were wounded.

On 22 July 1985, two bombs exploded in a terrorist attack in Copenhagen, Denmark. One of the bombs exploded near the Great Synagogue and a Jewish nursing home and kindergarten, and another at the offices of Northwest Orient Airlines. At least one more bomb, planned for the El Al airline offices, was discovered. One person was killed and 26 people were injured in the attacks. Sweden-based Palestinians Abu Talb and Marten Imandi were sentenced to life imprisonment in Sweden for the bombings, which were part of a series of attacks in 1985 and 1986, while two co-conspirators received lesser sentences of one and six years imprisonment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abraham Wolff</span> Chief Rabbi of Denmark (1833–1891)

Abraham Alexander Wolff was the chief rabbi of Denmark and translator of the Torah into Danish.

References

  1. Muir Appelbaum, Diana (2012). "Jewish Identity and Egyptian Revival Architecture". Journal of Jewish Identities. 5 (2): 7.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The Great Synagogue". Synagogues360. Israel: ANU Museum. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Copenhagen - jewish heritage, history, synagogues, museums, areas and sites to visit". JGuide Europe. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Great Synagogue – Synagogues360". synagogues-360.anumuseum.org.il. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  5. "27 Injured in 3 Terrorist Explosions in Copenhagen". Los Angeles Times . Associated Press. July 22, 1985. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  6. "30 års fængsel for terror i København" [Thirty years prison for terrorism in Copenhagen]. TV 2 (in Danish). Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. April 16, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  7. "Copenhagen hit by second deadly shooting". BBC News. February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  8. "Shots fired at Copenhagen synagogue: Danish police". Reuters. February 14, 2015.
  9. Ritter, Karl; Adamson, Thomas; Olsen, Jan M. "Denmark on edge as 2nd shooting within hours rocks capital". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
  10. Stender Pedersen, Mette; Krogh Andersen, Peter (February 15, 2015). "Skudoffer ved københavnsk synagoge var en ung jøde" [Copenhagen Synagogue shooting victim was a young Jew]. DR Nyheder (in Danish). Danmarks Radio (DR). Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Copenhagen Synagogue Shooting Follows Deadly Cafe Attack". Tablet Magazine. February 15, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

Further reading