The Grifo radar is a family of airborne radars developed by Italian firm Leonardo S.p.A. for fighter aircraft and attack aircraft, and this family of radars includes several series.
Grifo radars trace their origin back to the Pointer series radar, which are ranging only radars consist of 2 models:
Grifo-ASV (anti-surface vessel) and Grifo-X radars are the first series multifunctional fire control radars of Grifo family, and consists of three line-replaceable units: transmitter, receiver/processor, and antenna. [3]
Grifo-7 series is the smallest multifunctional fire control radar of Grifo family, and this series is designed for J-7/F-7 or MiG-21 upgrades, with over a hundred sold.
The 85 kg Grifo-F P2804 radar is designed to fit into the nose of Northrop F-5, and in comparison to earlier Grifo-L, Grifo-F is larger and has the additional compatibility with active radar guided air-to-air missiles. [3] Grifo-F shares the same components of slightly larger Grifo-M3 radar, with the exception of its own elliptical antenna, which is unique to the space confinement of F-5. Grifo-F has been installed on Singaporean Air Force F-5s and Brazilian Air Force F-5s. [9] [10] [11]
Grifo M P2800 series radars are larger and more powerful radars than Grifo-X, and like Grifo-F, Grifo-M also uses multi-processors for fire control, but incorporated additional compatibility with anti-ship missiles (AShM), and also has greater look-down range and better look-down capability by adopting fast Fourier transform (FFT) Doppler-filtering techniques. [3] It also differs from Grifo-F in having circular antenna array. Grifo-M series includes 2 models:
Grifo-S is a series of large radars the Grifo family designed for medium and heavy fighters, but most of them failed to enter series production. As with earlier Grifo series in the family, models in this series also share the same components except the antenna, and due to the different sizes of antenna, the maximum range of each model also various somewhat. In comparison to earlier series, Grifo-S has the additional compatibility with semi-active radar homing air-to-air missiles, [3] and SAR mode. [15]
The general performance of Grifo S series is: [15]
Grifo-2000/16 is a pin-to-pin replacement of the APG-66 radar [15] and has similar performance such as maximum range of 150 km. The radar has an elliptical antenna of 74 cm x 48 cm, and the radar is fully interchangeable with APG-66 at LRU level. [3] Grifo-2000/16 was offered to Pakistan if Pakistan decided to purchase Chengdu J-10, which did not materialize, and the radar thus did not enter series production.
Grifo-346 is a radar designed for Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master. In comparison to earlier radars, Grifo-346 incorporates SAR and ISAR modes. [19] Specification: [20]
Grifo-E is a series of radars utilizing AESA. [19] Models in this series only differs in antenna size, and thus with different ranges. Grifo-E is reportedly under consideration by Pakistan in 2020 for its JF-17 Block III fighter. [21] Specification: [22]
Bangladesh Air Force (32)
Brazilian Air Force (49)
Czech Republic (70)
Nigerian Air Force (24 on order)
Pakistan Air Force (192)
Singapore Air Force (40)
The Dassault Mirage III is a family of single/dual-seat, single-engine, fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by French aircraft company Dassault Aviation. It was the first Western European combat aircraft to exceed Mach 2 in horizontal flight, which it achieved on 24 October 1958.
The Saab 35 Draken is a Swedish fighter-interceptor developed and manufactured by Svenska Aeroplan Aktiebolaget (SAAB) between 1955 and 1974. Development of the Saab 35 Draken started in 1948 as the Swedish air force future replacement for the then also in development Saab 29 Tunnan day fighter and Saab 32B Lansen all-weather fighter. It featured an innovative but unproven double delta wing, leading to the creation of a sub-scale test aircraft, the Saab 210, which was produced and flown to test this previously unexplored aerodynamic feature. The full-scale production version entered service with frontline squadrons of the Swedish Air Force on March 8, 1960. It was produced in several variants and types, most commonly as a fighter-interceptor.
The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) is the aerial warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, tasked primarily with the aerial defence of Pakistan, with a secondary role of providing air support to the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Navy when required, and a tertiary role of providing strategic airlift capability to Pakistan. As of 2024, as per the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the PAF has more than 70,000 active-duty personnel. PAF is the largest Air Force of the Muslim world in terms of aircraft fleet. Its primary mandate and mission is "to provide, in synergy with other inter-services, the most efficient, assured and cost effective aerial defence of Pakistan." Since its establishment in 1947, the PAF has been involved in various combat operations, providing aerial support to the operations and relief efforts of the Pakistani military. Under Article 243, the Constitution of Pakistan appoints the President of Pakistan as the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), by statute a four-star air officer, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
The Chengdu J-7 is a Chinese fighter aircraft. It is a license-built version of the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, and thus shares many similarities with that aircraft. The aircraft is armed with short-range, infrared homing air-to-air missiles and is mainly designed for short range air-to-air combat. The aircraft is also used for close air support.
The Dassault Mirage F1 is a French fighter and attack aircraft designed and manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was developed as a successor to the Mirage III family.
The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine, delta wing, fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation. It was designed in the late 1970s as a lightweight fighter to replace the Mirage III for the French Air Force. The Mirage 2000 evolved into a multirole aircraft with several variants developed, with sales to a number of nations. It was later developed into the Mirage 2000N and 2000D strike variants, the improved Mirage 2000-5, and several export variants. Over 600 aircraft were built and it has been in service with nine nations.
The Dassault Mirage 5 is a French supersonic attack aircraft/fighter-bomber designed by Dassault Aviation during the 1960s and manufactured in France and other countries. It was derived from Dassault's popular Mirage III fighter and spawned several variants of its own, including the IAI Kfir. In Pakistan's service, the Mirage 5s are modified and are capable of nuclear weapons delivery.
The Aero L-159 ALCA is a subsonic light combat aircraft and advanced trainer developed in the single-seat L-159A and two-seat L-159B versions, respectively, produced in the Czech Republic by Aero Vodochody. It was derived from the Aero L-59 Super Albatros trainer, which was in turn developed from the Aero L-39 Albatros series.
The CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder, or FC-1 Xiaolong, is a fourth-generation, lightweight, single-engine, multirole combat aircraft developed jointly by the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) and Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) of China. It was designed and developed as a replacement for the third-generation A-5C, F-7P/PG, Mirage III, and Mirage V combat aircraft in the Pakistan Air Force (PAF). The JF-17 can be used for multiple roles, including interception, ground attack, anti-ship, and aerial reconnaissance. The Pakistani designation "JF-17" stands for "Joint Fighter-17", with the "Joint Fighter" denoting the joint Pakistani-Chinese development of the aircraft and the "-17" denoting that, in the PAF's vision, it is the successor to the F-16. The Chinese designation "FC-1" stands for "Fighter China-1".
The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) is a major defense contractor and an aerospace manufacturer that is headquartered in Kamra, Punjab, Pakistan.
Project ROSE was a program by the Pakistan Air Force to upgrade the avionics of its ageing Dassault Mirage III and Mirage 5 fighter jets. These had originally been built either by Dassault Aviation in France, or by the Government Aircraft Factories (GAF) in Australia. The program, based at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, focused on upgrading the military avionics and onboard computer systems, with equipment supplied variously by Pakistani Margella Electronics, French SAGEM and Italian SELEX consortia.
Project Sabre II was the Pakistan Air Force's program to develop a feasible and low-cost multirole combat jet based on an existing design—the Chengdu F-7 Skybolt, a Chinese variant of the MiG–21. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) initiated Project Sabre II in 1987, hiring the American aerospace firm Grumman, to provide crucial expertise to refine the baseline aircraft design along with specialists from the PAF and the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
The history of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) began when it was established in 1947 following the independence of Pakistan.
No. 7 Squadron, nicknamed the Bandits, is a tactical attack squadron of the Pakistan Air Force. Which is under the No. 38 Tactical Attack wing.
The Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) operated 50 LTV A-7 Corsair II aircraft in the anti-ship, air interdiction and air defense roles between 1981 and 1999. The Portuguese government acquired the Corsair II to replace the PoAF's North American F-86 Sabre fighters, with two orders being placed for a total of 50 A-7Ps and TA-7Ps. As part of the program one TA-7C belonging to the United States Navy was also loaned to the PoAF.
Radar, Aircraft Interception, Mark IV, also produced in the USA as SCR-540, was the world's first operational air-to-air radar system. Early Mk. III units appeared in July 1940 on converted Bristol Blenheim light bombers, while the definitive Mk. IV reached widespread availability on the Bristol Beaufighter heavy fighter by early 1941. On the Beaufighter, the Mk. IV arguably played a role in ending the Blitz, the Luftwaffe's night bombing campaign of late 1940 and early 1941.
Aircraft interception radar, or AI radar for short, is a British term for radar systems used to equip aircraft with the means to find and track other flying aircraft. These radars are used primarily by Royal Air Force (RAF) and Fleet Air Arm night fighters and interceptors for locating and tracking other aircraft, although most AI radars could also be used in a number of secondary roles as well. The term was sometimes used generically for similar radars used in other countries, notably the US. AI radar stands in contrast with ASV radar, whose goal is to detect ships and other sea-surface vessels, rather than aircraft; both AI and ASV are often designed for airborne use.
Radar, Air-to-Surface Vessel, Mark III, or ASV Mk. III for short, was a surface search radar system used by RAF Coastal Command during World War II. It was a slightly modified version of the H2S radar used by RAF Bomber Command, with minor changes to the antenna to make it more useful for the anti-submarine role. It was Coastal Command's primary radar from the spring of 1943 until the end of the war. Several improved versions were introduced, notably the ASV Mark VI, which replaced most Mk. IIIs from 1944 and ASV Mark VII radar, which saw only limited use until the post-war era.
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