Gustav (pigeon)

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Gustav, also known as NPS.42.31066, was a pigeon of the RAF pigeon service. He was awarded the Dickin Medal, also known as the animals' Victoria Cross, for bringing the first report of the Normandy landings to the British mainland during the Second World War.

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Military service

Gustav was a grizzle colored cock pigeon trained by Frederick Jackson of Cosham, Hampshire. [1] In his military service, he was also known by his service number NPS.42.31066. [2] His early missions saw him carrying messages out of occupied Belgium for the resistance. [3]

On 6 June 1944 Gustav was on–board an Allied Landing Ship Tank (LST), [4] having become one of six pigeons given by the RAF to Reuters news correspondent Montague Taylor. [1] Following the Normandy landings, Gustav was released by Taylor to send news back to the UK with the message, "We are just 20 miles or so off the beaches. First assault troops landed 0750. Signal says no interference from enemy gunfire on beach... Steaming steadily in formation. Lightnings, Typhoons, Fortresses crossing since 0545. No enemy aircraft seen." [5] Gustav traveled the 150 miles (240 km) to his loft at RAF Thorney Island in five hours and sixteen minutes, while facing a headwind of up to 30 mph (48 km/h), [5] where his handler Sgt Harry Halsey received him. [1] Gustav's message was the first word of the invasion to reach the British mainland, due to the fleet undergoing radio silence at the time. [5] [6] Later that day, fellow pigeon Paddy became the first pigeon released to return to the British mainland with news of success of the landings. [4]

For this act, he was awarded the Dickin Medal for bravery, considered to be the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross. [1] He was presented with his medal on 27 November 1944, by Mrs A. V. Alexander, the wife of the First Lord of the Admiralty. [7] The citation for his Dickin Medal read, "For delivering the first message from the Normandy beaches from a ship off the beachhead while serving with the RAF on June 6 1944." [5] He was one of thirty two pigeons awarded the medal who carried messages during the Second World War. [1]

After the war, Gustav was given back to Fred Jackson, his original trainer, together with his Dickin Medal. This medal was later donated to the Portsmouth D-Day Museum. [8]

Death and legacy

Gustav died after the war because of old age. [5] The story of wartime messenger pigeons such as Gustav were made into the 2005 animated film Valiant , [1] the same year that Gustav's Dickin Medal went on display at the D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, Hampshire. [1]

See also

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The National Pigeon Service (NPS) was a volunteer civilian organization formed in Britain in 1938 as result of representations made to the Committee of Imperial Defence and the British Government by Major W. H. Osman. During 1939-45 over 200,000 young pigeons were given to the services by the British pigeon breeders of the NPS. The birds were used by the Royal Air Force and the Army and Intelligence Services, Special Section of the Army Pigeon Service. During three and a half years of World War II, 16,554 war pigeons were parachuted onto the continent. One of these was Commando, a red chequer cock bird that became a recipient of the Dickin Medal. Many other NPS pigeons also received the Dickin Medal.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Hero pigeon's WWII medal on show". BBC News. 1 June 2005.
  2. ↑ "Pigeons During the Two World Wars". Faircount Pigeons & Dove Count. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  3. ↑ Malvern, Jack (27 March 2004). "War hero pigeon earns his wings 60 years on". The Times.[ dead link ]
  4. 1 2 "Reporting the War". BBC Radio Ulster. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Vital role of Gustav the pigeon". Northern Echo. 2 June 2004.
  6. ↑ "D-Day Timeline". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  7. ↑ "D–Day Fliers Decorated". British Pathe. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  8. ↑ "Hero pigeon's WWII medal on show". BBC News. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
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