The Asuka period was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 592 to 710,although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period,which is named after the Asuka region,about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.
Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what its early practitioners saw as inconsistencies within the Mahayana Buddhist traditions that they received from foreign countries. To address this,they developed a new holistic approach to Buddhism that became a distinct form,an approach characteristic of virtually all major Korean thinkers. The resulting variation is called Tongbulgyo,a form that sought to harmonize previously arising disputes among scholars.
Baekje or Paekche was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea,together with Goguryeo and Silla. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence,Baekje had the highest population of approximately 3,800,000 people,which was similar to that of Goguryeo and much larger than that of Silla.
The Three Kingdoms of Korea or Samhan competed for hegemony over the Korean Peninsula during the ancient period of Korean history. During the Three Kingdoms period,many states and statelets consolidated until,after Buyeo was annexed in 494 and Gaya was annexed in 562,only three remained on the Korean Peninsula:Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla. The "Korean Three Kingdoms" contributed to what would become Korea;and the Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla peoples became what we know as the Korean people.
Silla or Shilla was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla,along with Baekje and Goguryeo,formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence,Silla had the lowest population of approximately 850,000 people,which was significantly smaller than those of Baekje and Goguryeo.
Samguk yusa or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms is a collection of legends,folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea,as well as to other periods and states before,during and after the Three Kingdoms period. "Samguk yusa is a historical record compiled by the Buddhist monk Il-yeon in 1281 in the late Goryeo Dynasty." It is the earliest extant record of the Dangun legend,which records the founding of Gojoseon as the first Korean nation. The Samguk yusa is National Treasure No. 306.
Seong of Baekje was the 26th king of Baekje,one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of Muryeong of Baekje and is best known for making Buddhism the state religion,moving the national capital to Sabi,and reclaiming the center of the Korean Peninsula. His demise eventually came at the hands of an ally who betrayed him. The name Seong translates as 'The Holy.'
Chimnyu of Baekje was the fifteenth king of Baekje,one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road,beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE. The first documented translation efforts by Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE via the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory bordering the Tarim Basin under Kanishka. These contacts transmitted strands of Sarvastivadan and Tamrashatiya Buddhism throughout the Eastern world.
Onmyōdō is a system of natural science,astronomy,almanac,divination and magic that developed independently in Japan based on the Chinese philosophies of yin and yang and wuxing. The philosophy of yin and yang and wuxing was introduced to Japan at the beginning of the 6th century,and,influenced by Taoism,Buddhism,and Confucianism,evolved into the earliest system of Onmyōdō around the late 7th century. In 701,the Taiho Code established the departments and posts of onmyōji who practiced Onmyōdō in the Imperial Court,and Onmyōdō was institutionalized. From around the 9th century during the Heian period,Onmyōdō interacted with Shinto and Goryōworship (御霊信仰) in Japan,and developed into a system unique to Japan. Abe no Seimei,who was active during Heian period,is the most famous onmyōji in Japanese history and has appeared in various Japanese literature in later years. Onmyōdō was under the control of the imperial government,and later its courtiers,the Tsuchimikado family,until the middle of the 19th century,at which point it became prohibited as superstition.
Buddhist art is visual art produced in the context of Buddhism. It includes depictions of Gautama Buddha and other Buddhas and bodhisattvas,notable Buddhist figures both historical and mythical,narrative scenes from their lives,mandalas,and physical objects associated with Buddhist practice,such as vajras,bells,stupas and Buddhist temple architecture. Buddhist art originated in the north of the Indian subcontinent,in modern India,Pakistan and Afghanistan,with the earliest survivals dating from a few centuries after the historical life of Siddhartha Gautama from the 6th to 5th century BCE.
Malananta was an Indian Buddhist monk and missionary who brought Buddhism to the southern Korean peninsula in the 4th century. Multiple romanizations of Malananta's name may be found,including Meghananda (मेघानंदा),Malananda,Maranant'a and Maalaananda. He was among the first to bring Buddhist teaching,or Dharma,to Korea. The Samguk yusa and Samguk yusa record him as the one who brought Buddhism to King Chimnyu of Baekje in 384 CE,along with Sundo in Goguryeo and Ado in Silla. Buddhism,a religion originating in what is now India,was transmitted to Korea via China in the late 4th century.
India–South Korea relations are the bilateral relations between India and South Korea. Formal establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries occurred in 1973. Since then,several trade agreements have been reached:Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Co-operation in 1974;Agreement on Co-operation in Science &Technology in 1976;Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985;and Bilateral Investment Promotion/Protection Agreement in 1996.
Korean Buddhist sculpture is one of the major areas of Korean art. Buddhism,a religion originating in what is now India,was transmitted to Korea via China in the late 4th century. Buddhism introduced major changes in Korean society. The complexity of the religious sutras sent to Korea required the aristocrats who adopted the religion to become literate and required the training and importation of literate scribes. Little evidence of religious art exists in Korea before the introduction of Buddhism. Subsequent to its introduction,the religion inspired the production of devotional art as well as the beginnings of sophisticated temple architecture.
Fabian Fucan was a Japanese writer who converted from Christianity to Japanese Zen Buddhism in his youth. He was an apostate. He wrote tracts at first advocating and later criticizing Christianity in comparison to the other religions of Japan.
Heinrich Dumoulin,S.J. was a Jesuit theologian,a widely published author on Zen,and a professor of philosophy and history at Sophia University in Tokyo,where he was Professor Emeritus. He was the founder of its Institute for Oriental Religions,as well as the first Director of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
Religion in South Korea is diverse. A substantial number of South Koreans have no religion. Christianity and Buddhism are the dominant confessions among those who affiliate with a formal religion. Buddhism and Confucianism play an influential role in the lives of many South Korean people. Buddhism,which arrived in Korea in 372 AD,has tens of thousands of temples built across the country.
Events in the year 829 in Japan.
Chinese influence on Japanese culture refers to the impact of Chinese influences transmitted through or originating in China on Japanese institutions,culture,language and society. Many aspects of traditional Japanese culture such as Taoism,Buddhism,astronomy,language and food have been profoundly influenced by China over the course of centuries.
James E. Ketelaar is an American scholar and historian specializing in the religious,philosophical,and intellectual history of Japan. He is professor emeritus in the Department of History,the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations,and the Divinity School at the University of Chicago,where he has been teaching since 1996.
