The Asuka period was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710,although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. The Yamato polity evolved greatly during the Asuka period,which is named after the Asuka region,about 25 km (16 mi) south of the modern city of Nara.
Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what its early practitioners saw as inconsistencies within the Mahayana Buddhist traditions that they received from foreign countries. To address this,they developed a new holistic approach to Buddhism that became a distinct form,an approach characteristic of virtually all major Korean thinkers. The resulting variation is called Tongbulgyo,a form that sought to harmonize previously arising disputes among scholars.
Baekje or Paekche was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea,together with Goguryeo and Silla. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence,Baekje had the highest population of approximately 3,800,000 people,which was much larger than that of Silla and similar to that of Goguryeo.
The Three Kingdoms of Korea or Samhan competed for hegemony over the Korean Peninsula during the ancient period of Korean history. During the Three Kingdoms period (Korean: 삼국시대),many states and statelets consolidated until,after Buyeo was annexed in 494 and Gaya was annexed in 562,only three remained on the Korean Peninsula:Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla. The "Korean Three Kingdoms" contributed to what would become Korea;and the Goguryeo,Baekje and Silla peoples became the Korean people.
Silla was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE –935 CE and was located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla,along with Baekje and Goguryeo,formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population of the three,approximately 850,000 people,significantly smaller than those of Baekje and Goguryeo.
Samguk yusa or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms is a collection of legends,folktales,and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea,as well as to other periods and states before,during,and after the Three Kingdoms period. It was compiled by the Buddhist monk Il-yeon in the late Goryeo dynasty,around 1280. It is the earliest extant record of the Dangun legend,which records the founding of Gojoseon as the first Korean nation. Samguk yusa is National Treasure No. 306.
Critical Buddhism was a trend in Japanese Buddhist scholarship,associated primarily with the works of Hakamaya Noriaki (袴谷憲昭) and Matsumoto Shirō(松本史朗).
Onmyōdō is a technique that uses knowledge of astronomy and calendars to divine good fortune in terms of date,time,direction and general personal affairs,originating from the philosophy of the yin-yang and the five elements.
Throughout the ages,there have been various popular religious traditions practiced on the Korean peninsula. The oldest indigenous religion of Korea is the Korean folk religion,Korean shamanism,which has been passed down from prehistory to the present. Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China during the Three Kingdoms era in the fourth century,and the religion became an important part of the culture until the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism was established as the state philosophy. During the Late Joseon Dynasty,in the 19th century,Christianity began to take root in Korea. While both Christianity and Buddhism would play important roles in the resistance to the Japanese occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century,only about 4% of Koreans were members of a religious organization in 1940.
Buddhist art is visual art produced in the context of Buddhism. It includes depictions of Gautama Buddha and other Buddhas and bodhisattvas,notable Buddhist figures both historical and mythical,narrative scenes from their lives,mandalas,and physical objects associated with Buddhist practice,such as vajras,bells,stupas and Buddhist temple architecture. Buddhist art originated in the north of the Indian subcontinent,in modern India,Pakistan and Afghanistan,with the earliest survivals dating from a few centuries after the historical life of Siddhartha Gautama from the 6th to 5th century BCE.
India and the Republic of Korea (ROK) relations are the bilateral relations between The Republic of India and The Republic of Korea. Formal establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries occurred on 10 December 1973. Since then,several trade agreements have been reached such as the Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Co-operation in 1974,the Agreement on Co-operation in Science &Technology in 1976,the Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985,and the Bilateral Investment Promotion/Protection Agreement in 1996.
Criticism of Buddhism has taken numerous different forms,including philosophical and rational criticisms,but also criticism of praxis,such as that its practitioners act in ways contrary to Buddhist principles or that those principles systemically marginalize women. There are many sources of criticism,both ancient and modern,stemming from other religions,the non-religious,and other Buddhists.
Fabian Fucan was a Japanese writer who converted from Christianity to Japanese Zen Buddhism in his youth. He was an apostate. He wrote tracts at first advocating and later criticizing Christianity in comparison to the other religions of Japan.
Heinrich Dumoulin,S.J. was a Jesuit theologian,a widely published author on Zen,and a professor of philosophy and history at Sophia University in Tokyo,where he was Professor Emeritus. He was the founder of its Institute for Oriental Religions,as well as the first director of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
The Suiko period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. This period overlaps all but 7 years of Empress Suiko's reign (604–628) or it is used as a synonym for her reign (593–628).
Events in the year 829 in Japan.
Chinese influence on Japanese culture refers to the impact of Chinese influences transmitted through or originating in China on Japanese institutions,culture,language and society. Many aspects of traditional Japanese culture such as Taoism,Buddhism,astronomy,language and food have been profoundly influenced by China over the course of centuries.
The history of religion in Japan has been characterized by the predominance of animistic religions practiced by its mainland,Ryukyuan,and Ainu inhabitants. In addition,on the Yamato-dominated mainland,Mahayana Buddhism has also played a profoundly important role. Throughout the Japanese middle ages,many different schools of Buddhism flourished,such as Tendai,Shingon,Pure Land,Zen,Nichiren,and others. With time,Shinto and Buddhism gradually became intertwined with each other in Japanese culture,rather than being viewed as mutually exclusive. The first conclusive appearance of western religions in Japan was Christianity,which had been introduced by European travelers beginning in 1549. In the period between 1614 and 1889,Christianity and all other foreign religions were banned and its adherents persecuted,with Buddhism being co-opted by the Tokugawa authorities as a means to keep the population in check through the danka system.
Kōshiki is a musical genre used in Japanese Buddhism rituals. It originated from the Tendai belief in the late tenth century,and later spread to other Buddhist schools. It is a form of narrative music,and often incorporates foreign non-Buddhist deities.
James E. Ketelaar is an American scholar and historian specializing in the religious,philosophical,and intellectual history of Japan. He is professor emeritus in the Department of History,the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations,and the Divinity School at the University of Chicago,where he has been teaching since 1996.
