György Paál

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György Paál (Budapest, 1934 – Budapest, 1992) [1] was a Hungarian astronomer and cosmologist.

Contents

Work

In the late 1950s Paál studied the quasar and galaxy cluster distributions. In 1970 from redshift quantization he came up with the idea that the Universe might have nontrivial topological structure. [2] [3] These are the oldest papers that associate real observations with the possibility that our universe could have nontrivial topology. [4]

Membership

Cosmological Committee of IAU [1]

Awards

László Detre award.

See also

Related Research Articles

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In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle states that humans are not privileged observers of the universe, that observations from the Earth are representative of observations from the average position in the universe. Named for Copernican heliocentrism, it is a working assumption that arises from a modified cosmological extension of Copernicus' argument of a moving Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quasar</span> Active galactic nucleus containing a supermassive black hole

A quasar is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). It is sometimes known as a quasi-stellar object, abbreviated QSO. The emission from an AGN is powered by accretion onto a supermassive black hole with a mass ranging from millions to tens of billions of solar masses, surrounded by a gaseous accretion disc. Gas in the disc falling towards the black hole heats up and releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The radiant energy of quasars is enormous; the most powerful quasars have luminosities thousands of times greater than that of a galaxy such as the Milky Way. Quasars are usually categorized as a subclass of the more general category of AGN. The redshifts of quasars are of cosmological origin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Redshift</span> Change of wavelength in photons during travel

In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation. The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and increase in frequency and energy, is known as a blueshift, or negative redshift. The terms derive from the colours red and blue which form the extremes of the visible light spectrum. The main causes of electromagnetic redshift in astronomy and cosmology are the relative motions of radiation sources, which give rise to the relativistic Doppler effect, and gravitational potentials, which gravitationally redshift escaping radiation. All sufficiently distant light sources show cosmological redshift corresponding to recession speeds proportional to their distances from Earth, a fact known as Hubble's law that implies the universe is expanding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cosmological principle</span> Theory that the universe is the same in all directions

In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is uniformly isotropic and homogeneous when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act equally throughout the universe on a large scale, and should, therefore, produce no observable inequalities in the large-scale structuring over the course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by the Big Bang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Observable universe</span> All of space observable from the Earth at the present

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reionization</span> Process that caused matter to reionize early in the history of the Universe

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyman-alpha forest</span> Astronomical spectroscopic term

In astronomical spectroscopy, the Lyman-alpha forest is a series of absorption lines in the spectra of distant galaxies and quasars arising from the Lyman-alpha electron transition of the neutral hydrogen atom. As the light travels through multiple gas clouds with different redshifts, multiple absorption lines are formed.

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The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:

  1. a cosmological constant, denoted by lambda (Λ), associated with dark energy
  2. the postulated cold dark matter, denoted by CDM
  3. ordinary matter

Redshift quantization, also referred to as redshift periodicity, redshift discretization, preferred redshifts and redshift-magnitude bands, is the hypothesis that the redshifts of cosmologically distant objects tend to cluster around multiples of some particular value.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galaxy filament</span> Largest structures in the universe, made of galaxies

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">ULAS J1120+0641</span> One of the most distant quasars known

ULAS J1120+0641 was the most distant known quasar when discovered in 2011, surpassed in 2017 by ULAS J1342+0928. ULAS J1120+0641 was the first quasar discovered beyond a redshift of z = 7. Its discovery was reported in June 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large quasar group</span> Large astronomical structure

A large quasar group (LQG) is a collection of quasars that form what are thought to constitute the largest astronomical structures in the observable universe. LQGs are thought to be precursors to the sheets, walls and filaments of galaxies found in the relatively nearby universe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huge-LQG</span> Possible astronomical structure

The Huge Large Quasar Group, is a possible structure or pseudo-structure of 73 quasars, referred to as a large quasar group, that measures about 4 billion light-years across. At its discovery, it was identified as the largest and the most massive known structure in the observable universe, though it has been superseded by the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall at 10 billion light-years. There are also issues about its structure.

U1.11 is a large quasar group located in the constellations of Leo and Virgo. It is one of the largest LQG's known, with the estimated maximum diameter of 780 Mpc and contains 38 quasars. It was discovered in 2011 during the course of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Until the discovery of the Huge-LQG in November 2012, it was the largest known structure in the universe, beating Clowes–Campusano LQG's 20-year record as largest known structure at the time of its discovery.

References

  1. 1 2 "A keresett weboldalt 2020. December 15-én műszaki okokból leállítottuk". Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
  2. Paál, G. (1970). "Red shifts and Quasars". Science Journal . 6 (6): 101.
  3. Paál, G. (1971). "The global structure of the universe and the distribution of quasi-stellar objects". Acta Physica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 30: 51–54. Bibcode:1971AcPhH..30...51P. doi:10.1007/bf03157173. S2CID   118710050.
  4. Luminet, Jean-Pierre; Lachièze-Rey, Marc (1995). "Cosmic Topology". Physics Reports. 254 (3): 135–214. arXiv: gr-qc/9605010 . Bibcode:1995PhR...254..135L. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)00085-h. S2CID   119500217.