HLA-A9

Last updated June 27, 2024


Crystal Structure Of HlA-A2402 Complexed with a telomerase peptide PDB: 2BCK rendered with Cn3D!,space filling. Top panel - top down view of peptide (yellow) and HLA-A24 residues within 7 Angstroms of peptide. Bottom panel- side view peptide backbone with no side chains, peptide yellow, HLA-A magenta-blue, B2-microglobulin grey

HLA-A9 (A9) is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype that recognized the HLA-A23 and HLA-A24 serotypes.^[1] A*2402 appears to have evolved from A*23 alleles by a process of gene conversion. The A23 is more common in Africa and regions proximal to Africa. A24 is at very high frequencies in Austronesia and certain indigenous peoples of the Arctic,^[2]^[3]^[4] North America,^[5] South America^[6] and West Pacific Rim. While it is common over most of Eurasia, it is found at low abundance in NW Europe. A24 appears to have been carried by the first colonizers of South Eastern Asia.

Subpages for A9 serotypes
Split antigen serotypes of A9 HLA-A
HLA-A23
HLA-A24

Related Research Articles

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system. The HLA system is also known as the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) found in many animals.

HLA DR3-DQ2 is double serotype that specifically recognizes cells from individuals who carry a multigene HLA DR, DQ haplotype. Certain HLA DR and DQ genes have known involvement in autoimmune diseases. DR3-DQ2, a multigene haplotype, stands out in prominence because it is a factor in several prominent diseases, namely coeliac disease and juvenile diabetes. In coeliac disease, the DR3-DQ2 haplotype is associated with highest risk for disease in first degree relatives, highest risk is conferred by DQA1*0501:DQB1*0201 homozygotes and semihomozygotes of DQ2, and represents the overwhelming majority of risk. HLA DR3-DQ2 encodes DQ2.5cis isoform of HLA-DQ, this isoform is described frequently as 'the DQ2 isoform', but in actuality there are two major DQ2 isoform. The DQ2.5 isoform, however, is many times more frequently associated with autoimmune disease, and as a result to contribution of DQ2.2 is often ignored.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DQ8</span>

HLA-DQ8 (DQ8) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ8 is a split antigen of the DQ3 broad antigen. DQ8 is determined by the antibody recognition of β⁸ and this generally detects the gene product of DQB1*0302.

HLA-A10 is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype. The ancestral A10 type is believed to be A*2601, which via gene conversion with other HLA-A alleles produced A*2501, A*3401, A*4301 and A*6601. A10 serotypes in general show a pattern of more recent expansion. A34 is an excellent example, appearing to have expanded from the middle east, with linkage disequilibrium with B alleles into Austronesia, South Pacific, Philippines and as far north as Taiwan. A*66 appears to have expanded from North Africa into the Middle East or Europe and A26 appears to have expanded Black Sea and, after the initial settlement from the southern West Pacific Rim peoples, into Japan. Whether this is a secondary migration from Africa or a re-expansion from within Eurasia is unclear.

HLA-A80 (A80) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁸⁰ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A80, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*80 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*8001. A80 and A*80 are almost synonymous in meaning.

HLA-A69 (A69) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁶⁹ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A69, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*69 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*6901. A69 and A*69 are almost synonymous in meaning. A69 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28. A69 is a sister serotype of A68.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-A68</span> Human leukocyte antigen serotype

HLA-A68 (A68) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁶⁸ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A68, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*68 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A68 and A*68 are almost synonymous in meaning. A68 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28. A68 is a sister serotype of A69.

HLA-A23 (A23) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α²³ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A23, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*23 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2301. A23 and A*23 are almost synonymous in meaning. A23 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A24.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-A24</span> Human leukocyte antigen serotype

HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α²⁴ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2402. A24 and A*24 are almost synonymous in meaning. A24 is a split antigen of the broad antigen HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23.

HLA-A25 (A25) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α²⁵ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A25, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*25 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2501. A25 and A*25 are almost synonymous in meaning. A25 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A25 is a sister serotype of A26, A34, A43, and A66.

HLA-A43 (A43) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α⁴³ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A43, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*43 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*4301. A43 and A*43 are almost synonymous in meaning. A43 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A43 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A34, and A66.

HLA-A33 (A33) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α³³ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A33, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*33 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A33 and A*33 are almost synonymous in meaning. A33 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A33 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A32, and A74.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-B*82</span>

HLA-B*82 (B*82) is an HLA-B allele-group. There is no current useful serotyping for HLA-B*82 gene products. B*8201 was first identified by sequence analysis and appears to be derived by gene conversion between B*5602 and another HLA class I allele., later B*8202 was identified in a caucasian and was suggested to be ancestral to B*8201, as product between gene conversion of B*5602 allele and B*4501 allele. B*82 is more common in East Africa, Kenya and Sudan, the frequency of B*8201 is found in the peoples to the west, sporadically in Central and West Africa, B*8202 is found in Sudan and Saudi Arabia.

HLA-B67 (B67) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*67 gene products. B67 is region specific recombinant haplotype formed by the gene conversion of B*39, an allele common along the Northwest Pacific Rim, and B7, B22, or B27.

HLA-B46 (B46) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the gene products of HLA-B*4601 allele. B*4601 resulted from a rare, interlocus, gene conversion between B62, probably B*1501, and a HLA-C allele. B*4601 is the most common HLA-B allele that does not have an origin within Africa, and estimated 400 million people in Eastern Asia carry a B46 allele. When found B*4601 segregates with only 2 HLA-Cw alleles, A limited number of HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles suggesting that the allele recently expanded from a limited sized group within SE Asia. Extremely low frequencies outside of Eastern Asia are indicators of a recent expansion of B46 from a recently small population. The frequency distribution suggests the ancestral B46 population was in SE China, or, potentially Burma. B46 in Asia correlates with wet-rice farming. The exceptions are notable, it has been found in the Nivkhi on north-eastern Sakalin Island, the Ainu, and the Nivkhi-related (genetically) Tlinglet population of Alaska at trace levels.

HLA-B50 (B50) is an HLA-B serotype. B50 is a split antigen from the B21 broad antigen, the sister serotype B49. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*50 gene products.

HLA-B51 (B51) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*51 gene products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-B39</span> Human leukocyte antigen serotype

HLA-B39 (B39) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*39 gene products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-B38</span> Human leukocyte antigen serotype

HLA-B38 (B38) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*38 allele products of the HLA-B gene-locus.

HLA B7-DR15-DQ6 is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. A multigene haplotype is set of inherited alleles covering several genes, or gene-alleles, common multigene haplotypes are generally the result of descent by common ancestry. Chromosomal recombination fragments multigene haplotypes as the distance to that ancestor increases in number of generations.

References

↑ Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.
↑ Lou H, Li HC, Kuwayama M, et al. (1998). "HLA class I and class II of the Nivkhi, an indigenous population carrying HTLV-I in Sakhalin, Far Eastern Russia". Tissue Antigens. 52 (5): 444–51. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03071.x. PMID 9864034.
↑ Nelson JL, Boyer G, Templin D, et al. (1992). "HLA antigens in Tlingit Indians with rheumatoid arthritis". Tissue Antigens. 40 (2): 57–63. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01960.x. PMID 1412417.
↑ Welinder L, Graugaard B, Madsen M (2000). "HLA antigen and gene frequencies in Eskimos of East Greenland". Eur. J. Immunogenet. 27 (2): 93–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2370.2000.00209.x. PMID 10792425.
↑ Leffell MS, Fallin MD, Hildebrand WH, Cavett JW, Iglehart BA, Zachary AA (2004). "HLA alleles and haplotypes among the Lakota Sioux: report of the ASHI minority workshops, part III". Hum. Immunol. 65 (1): 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2003.10.001. PMID 14700599.
↑ Fleischhauer K, Agostino A, Zino E, et al. (1999). "Molecular characterization of HLA class I in Colombians carrying HLA-A2: high allelic diversity and frequency of heterozygotes at the HLA-B locus". Tissue Antigens. 53 (6): 519–26. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.530601.x. PMID 10395101.

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[pmid8773320-1] Fussell H, Thomas M, Street J, Darke C (1996). "HLA-A9 antibodies and epitopes". Tissue Antigens. 47 (4): 307–12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02558.x. PMID 8773320.

[pmid9864034-2] Lou H, Li HC, Kuwayama M, et al. (1998). "HLA class I and class II of the Nivkhi, an indigenous population carrying HTLV-I in Sakhalin, Far Eastern Russia". Tissue Antigens. 52 (5): 444–51. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03071.x. PMID 9864034.

[pmid1412417-3] Nelson JL, Boyer G, Templin D, et al. (1992). "HLA antigens in Tlingit Indians with rheumatoid arthritis". Tissue Antigens. 40 (2): 57–63. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01960.x. PMID 1412417.

[pmid10792425-4] Welinder L, Graugaard B, Madsen M (2000). "HLA antigen and gene frequencies in Eskimos of East Greenland". Eur. J. Immunogenet. 27 (2): 93–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2370.2000.00209.x. PMID 10792425.

[pmid14700599-5] Leffell MS, Fallin MD, Hildebrand WH, Cavett JW, Iglehart BA, Zachary AA (2004). "HLA alleles and haplotypes among the Lakota Sioux: report of the ASHI minority workshops, part III". Hum. Immunol. 65 (1): 78–89. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2003.10.001. PMID 14700599.

[pmid10395101-6] Fleischhauer K, Agostino A, Zino E, et al. (1999). "Molecular characterization of HLA class I in Colombians carrying HLA-A2: high allelic diversity and frequency of heterozygotes at the HLA-B locus". Tissue Antigens. 53 (6): 519–26. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.1999.530601.x. PMID 10395101.

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