HMG-box

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HMG (high-mobility group) box
2LEF.png
NMR structure of the HMG-box domain of the LEF1 protein (rainbow colored, N-terminus = blue, C-terminus = red) complexed with DNA (brown) based on the PDB: 2LEF ​ coordinates.
Identifiers
SymbolPF00505
Pfam PF00505
Pfam clan CL0114
ECOD 190.1.1
InterPro IPR009071
SCOP2 1hsm / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam   structures / ECOD  
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary
PDB 1aab ​, 1cg7 ​, 1ckt ​, 1e7j ​, 1gt0 ​, 1hme ​, 1hmf ​, 1hry ​, 1hrz ​, 1hsm ​, 1hsn ​, 1i11 ​, 1j3x ​, 1j46 ​, 1j47 ​, 1j5n ​, 1k99 ​, 1lwm ​, 1nhm ​, 1nhn ​, 1o4x ​, 1qrv ​, 1s9m ​, 1sx9 ​, 1v64 ​, 1wgf ​, 1wxl ​, 2crj ​, 2cs1 ​, 2lef ​

In molecular biology, the HMG-box (high-mobility group box) is a protein domain which is involved in DNA binding. [1] The domain is composed of approximately 75 amino acid residues that collectively mediate the DNA-binding of chromatin-associated high-mobility group proteins. HMG-boxes are present in many transcription factors and chromatin-remodeling complexes, where they can mediate non-sequence or sequence-specific DNA binding. [2]

Contents

Structure

The structure of the HMG-box domain contains three alpha helices separated by loops (see figure to the right). [3]

Function

HMG-box containing proteins only bind non-B-type DNA conformations (kinked or unwound) with high affinity. [1] HMG-box domains are found in some high-mobility group proteins, which are involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair, all of which require changing the conformation of chromatin. [3] The single and the double box HMG proteins alter DNA architecture by inducing bends upon binding. [4] [5]

References

  1. 1 2 Stros M, Launholt D, Grasser KD (October 2007). "The HMG-box: a versatile protein domain occurring in a wide variety of DNA-binding proteins". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64 (19–20): 2590–606. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7162-3. PMC   11136187 . PMID   17599239. S2CID   28156847.
  2. ↑ Štros, M.; Launholt, D.; Grasser, K. D. (October 2007). "The HMG-box: a versatile protein domain occurring in a wide variety of DNA-binding proteins". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 64 (19–20): 2590–2606. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7162-3. PMC   11136187 . PMID   17599239 . Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  3. 1 2 Thomas JO (August 2001). "HMG1 and 2: architectural DNA-binding proteins". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29 (Pt 4): 395–401. doi:10.1042/BST0290395. PMID   11497996.
  4. ↑ D. Murugesapillai et al, DNA bridging and looping by HMO1 provides a mechanism for stabilizing nucleosome-free chromatin, Nucleic Acids Res (2014) 42 (14): 8996-9004
  5. ↑ D. Murugesapillai et al, Single-molecule studies of high-mobility group B architectural DNA bending proteins, Biophys Rev (2016) doi:10.1007/s12551-016-0236-4
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