HMS Crocodile (1806)

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BANTERER 1807 RMG J7032.jpg
Crocodile
History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Crocodile
Ordered30 January 1805
Builder Simon Temple, South Shields
Laid downJune 1805
Launched19 April 1806 [1]
CommissionedJuly 1806
Out of serviceJune 1815 [1]
FateBroken up 1816
General characteristics [1]
Class and type Banterer-class post-ship
Tons burthen53850⁄94 (bm)
Length118 ft 2 in (36.0 m) (overall); 98 ft 7+5⁄8 in (30.1 m) (keel)
Beam32 ft 0+1⁄2 in (9.8 m)
Depth of hold10 ft 7 in (3.2 m)
PropulsionSail
Complement155
Armament
  • Designed
    • Upper deck (D):22 × 9-pounder guns
    • QD:6 × 24-pounder carronades
    • Fc:2 × 6-pounder Chase guns + 2 × 24-pounder carronades
  • Later
    • UD:22 × 32-pounder carronades
    • QD:2 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 18-pounder carronades
    • Fc:2 × 6-pounder guns + 2 × 18-pounder carronades

HMS Crocodile was a 22-gun sixth-rate post-ship launched in South Shields in 1806. She was broken up at Portsmouth in October 1816.

Contents

Career

In July 1806 Captain John Astley Bennet commissioned Crocodile, but was replaced within the month by Captain George Edmund Byron Bettesworth.

In March 1807 Crocodile detained the American ship General Clarke, from Philadelphia, and sent her into Plymouth. [2]

On 18 April, Crocodile sailed from Portsmouth as escort to a convoy bound for Quebec. By 15 May she and about 30 vessels were at 47°N37°W / 47°N 37°W / 47; -37 . [3]

While with Crocodile, Bettesworth was involved in an unsuccessful claim for salvage rights to the American vessel Walker. A French privateer had captured Walker, but her crew had subsequently recaptured their ship when Crocodile came on the scene. Crocodile then escorted Walker to Halifax. [3] For this service, Bettesworth claimed salvage rights. The court did not agree. [4]

On 29 August 1807 Crocodile captured De Twende Brodre, while the privateer Lion was in sight. [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2]

Around this time Crocodile detained the Danish packet ship Foedres Mende, from Batavia and Bengal, and sent her into The Downs. [7] The Gunboat War had commenced as the Royal Navy had sailed to attack Copenhagen.

Captain the Hon. George Cadogan succeeded Bettesworth on 6 October 1807. [8] His First Lieutenant was Thomas Barker Devon.

Cadogan and Crocodile sailed to the Cape of Good Hope in December 1807 as escort to the storeship Abundance and the transport Sally. They arrived in March after a voyage of 12 weeks. They brought recruits for the 29th, 72nd, and 93rd Regiments of Foot. [9]

In August Crocodile carried Arthur Wellesley to Portugal to lead the British intervention in the Peninsular War. Crocodile was part of a squadron consisting of Donegal and Resistance, all under the command of Captain Pulteney Malcolm of Donegal. They escorted 75 transports, carrying 30,000 troops, from Cork to Mondego Bay.

In November Cadogan and Crocodile captured sundry Danish vessels. This led, in December 1809, to her receiving a distribution of £4000 in prize money; [10] Cadogan would have received at least a quarter of that. On 21 December Crocodile was in company with Alexandria and Fury and shared in the capture on that day of Cupido and Speculation. [11]

In March 1809 Crocodile captured three Danish vessels: Haabet, Manual, and Alexto, all carrying deals (a type of cheap lumber, usually of pine). The British gathered the vessels, and some more Danish vessels that other British vessels had captured, in Gothenburg. The captured vessels left Gothenburg on 23 March and by early April most had arrived at British ports. [12] On 5 April Argus, of Norway, and also a prize to Crocodile, arrived in Yarmouth. [13]

In mid-April 1809 Cadogan and Devons underwent a court-martial at Portsmouth. A Richard Cumberland had written to the Lords of the Admiralty that they had acted in a "cruel, tyrannical, and oppressive manner" towards his grandson, W.R. Badcock, a midshipman on Crocodile, and that this treatment had hastened Badcock's death. The court martial acquitted Cadogan and Devons, pointing out that the charges were not proven, that many of Cumberland's observations were unfounded, and that Badcock's death could not even remotely be tied to the punishment he had received on Crocodile. [14]

Cadogan assumed command of Pallas on 16 September 1809. [8] Captain Edward H. Columbine replaced him on Crocodile. On 13 January 1810 Columbine sailed Crocodile for Africa. [1]

During her time with the West Africa Squadron, Crocodile or her ship's tenders detained 11 vessels, though the Vice admiralty court in Freetown restored several to their owners. [15]

DateNameNationalityTypeWhere capturedDispositionSlaves landed
4 April 1810PollySloop Matacong Restored to owners0
4 April 1810DorisU.S.SchoonerMatacongFreetown0
20 April 1810MariannaSpainOff Sierra LeoneFreetown186
24 AprilEsperanzaU.S.SchoonerShebar RiverFreetown91
17 May 1805AmaSpainBrigOff Cape Three Points Freetown0
22 May 1805 Donna Marianna Great BritainBrigOff Cape Coast Castle Freetown0
2 June 1810ZaragozanoU.S.Off Sierra LeoneFreetown0
August 1810St JagoSpainSchoonerOff Sierra LeoneRestored to owners57
11 September 1810DianaU.S.Off Sierra LeoneRestored to owners84
October 1810EmprenadadoraU.S.Off Sierra LeoneRestored to owners0
October 1810Los Do AmigosU.S.Off Sierra LeoneRestored to owners0

On 22 May Crocodile took Donna Marianna for breach of the Act for the abolition of the slave trade. Although Donna Marianna was ostensibly a Portuguese vessel, a British court on appeal upheld the seizure on the grounds that she was actually a British vessel and her Portuguese papers were a fraud. [lower-alpha 3]

Thomas Ludlam, former Governor of Sierra Leone died on board HMS Crocodile on 25 July 1810. [18]

On 22 May 1811, Columbine and Crocodile sailed for Britain, briefly in company with Protector. On 19 June Columbine died during the night and in the morning the crew buried him at sea. [19]

Captain John Richard Lumley succeeded Columbine in 1811, and was himself replaced by Captain William Elliot in June 1812. Elliot and Crocodile served on the Channel Islands station. Still, Elliot sailed her for Portugal on 9 November. [1]

On 24 April 1813 Santos Marter, De Souza, master, arrived at Gibraltar. She had been sailing from Charleston to Cádiz when Crocodile captured her. [20] Two weeks later, on 9 May, Roba & Betsey, Baldry, master, arrived at Gibraltar. She had been sailing from Charleston to Cadiz when Crocodile captured her. [21]

Fate

Crocodile was paid off in June 1815. She then was broken up in October 1816 at Portsmouth. [1]

Notes

  1. ↑ A first class share of the prize money was worth £12 8s 0½d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 1s 3¼d. [5]
  2. ↑ This was probably the cutter Lion, of 103 tons (bm), David Lewis, master. She had a crew of 20 men and was armed with twelve 4, 9, & 12-pounder guns. [6]
  3. ↑ A moiety of the proceeds of the seizure was then paid in November 1814. The distribution to the officers and crew was governed by the provisions of His Majesty's Act in Council of 12 October 1764, not the more recent changes in the prize law. Columbine's share of the distribution was worth £443 17s 0d; a seaman's share was worth £1 15s 9d. [16] The reason that the 1764 Order pertained was that Donna Marianna was treated as a smuggler. It was only on 14 October 1816 that a new Order in Council rescinded the 1764 Order, and brought the treatment of bounty money for smugglers in line with that for other prizes. [17]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Winfield (2008), p. 236.
  2. ↑ Lloyd's List №4134.
  3. 1 2 Lloyd's List №4160.
  4. ↑ Stewart (1814), pp.105-112.
  5. ↑ "No. 16324". The London Gazette . 12 December 1809. p. 1992.
  6. ↑ Letter of Marque, Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine - accessed 14 May 2011.
  7. ↑ Lloyd's List №4184.
  8. 1 2 O'Byrne (1849), Vol. 1, p.159.
  9. ↑ Boyden (2001), p.29.
  10. ↑ "No. 16322". The London Gazette . 5 December 1809. p. 1960.
  11. ↑ "No. 16348". The London Gazette . 6 March 1810. p. 342.
  12. ↑ Lloyd's List №4341.
  13. ↑ Lloyd's List №4343.
  14. ↑ Edinburgh Annual Register, for 1808-26, Vol. 2, Part 2, (April 1809), p.112.
  15. ↑ Grindal (2016), Appendix A: "Suspected Slave Vessels Detained 1807-39 by Royal Navy Cruisers, Colonial Vessels and Letters of Marque Vessels".
  16. ↑ "No. 16960". The London Gazette . 26 November 1814. p. 2347.
  17. ↑ Hersee (1829), pp.349-360.
  18. ↑ Timperley (1839), p.840.
  19. ↑ Grindal (2016).
  20. ↑ Lloyd's List №4778.
  21. ↑ Lloyd's List №4776.

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References

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