Hangul Syllables

Last updated
Hangul Syllables
RangeU+AC00..U+D7AF
(11,184 code points)
Plane BMP
Scripts Hangul
Major alphabetsHangul
Assigned11,172 code points
Unused12 reserved code points
Source standards KS C 5601-1992
Unicode version history
2.0 (1996)11,172 (+11,172)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1] [2]
6,656 characters were present at U+3400..U+4DFF in Unicode 1.1, but were moved to their current locations with Unicode version 2.0, along with 4,516 additional characters.

Hangul Syllables is a Unicode block containing precomposed Hangul syllable blocks for modern Korean. The syllables can be directly mapped by algorithm to sequences of two or three characters in the Hangul Jamo Unicode block:

Contents

This block is encoded according to the canonically equivalent order of these (two or three) jamos (one in each subrange of jamos above) composing each syllable.

Note that a full Hangul syllable may include one of these characters but may be preceded by one or more leading consonant jamos, and followed by one or more trailing jamos (possibly preceded by one or more vowel jamos if the encoded syllable is composed by two jamos does not include any trailing consonant jamos). As well some Hangul syllables may not include any one of these precomposed character. But such extension of the Hangul script (which allows creating more complex syllables composed in the same square) is not very common in modern Korean.

Block

Hangul Syllables [1] [2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+AC0x
U+AC1x
U+AC2x
U+AC3x갿
U+AC4x
U+AC5x
U+AC6x
U+AC7x걿
U+AC8x
U+AC9x
U+ACAx
U+ACBx겿
U+ACCx
U+ACDx
U+ACEx
U+ACFx곿
U+AD0x
U+AD1x
U+AD2x
U+AD3x괿
U+AD4x
U+AD5x
U+AD6x
U+AD7x굿
U+AD8x
U+AD9x
U+ADAx
U+ADBx궿
U+ADCx
U+ADDx
U+ADEx
U+ADFx귿
U+AE0x
U+AE1x
U+AE2x
U+AE3x긿
U+AE4x
U+AE5x
U+AE6x
U+AE7x깿
U+AE8x
U+AE9x
U+AEAx
U+AEBx꺿
U+AECx
U+AEDx
U+AEEx
U+AEFx껿
U+AF0x
U+AF1x
U+AF2x
U+AF3x꼿
U+AF4x
U+AF5x
U+AF6x
U+AF7x꽿
U+AF8x
U+AF9x
U+AFAx
U+AFBx꾿
U+AFCx
U+AFDx
U+AFEx
U+AFFx꿿
U+B00x뀀
U+B01x
U+B02x
U+B03x
U+B04x
U+B05x
U+B06x
U+B07x
U+B08x
U+B09x
U+B0Ax
U+B0Bx
U+B0Cx
U+B0Dx
U+B0Ex
U+B0Fx
U+B10x
U+B11x
U+B12x
U+B13x
U+B14x
U+B15x
U+B16x
U+B17x
U+B18x
U+B19x
U+B1Ax
U+B1Bx
U+B1Cx
U+B1Dx
U+B1Ex
U+B1Fx
U+B20x
U+B21x
U+B22x
U+B23x
U+B24x
U+B25x
U+B26x
U+B27x
U+B28x
U+B29x
U+B2Ax
U+B2Bx
U+B2Cx
U+B2Dx
U+B2Ex
U+B2Fx
U+B30x
U+B31x
U+B32x
U+B33x
U+B34x
U+B35x
U+B36x
U+B37x
U+B38x
U+B39x
U+B3Ax
U+B3Bx
U+B3Cx
U+B3Dx
U+B3Ex
U+B3Fx
U+B40x
U+B41x
U+B42x
U+B43x
U+B44x
U+B45x
U+B46x
U+B47x
U+B48x
U+B49x
U+B4Ax
U+B4Bx
U+B4Cx
U+B4Dx
U+B4Ex
U+B4Fx
U+B50x
U+B51x
U+B52x
U+B53x
U+B54x
U+B55x
U+B56x
U+B57x
U+B58x
U+B59x
U+B5Ax
U+B5Bx
U+B5Cx
U+B5Dx
U+B5Ex
U+B5Fx
U+B60x
U+B61x
U+B62x
U+B63x
U+B64x
U+B65x
U+B66x
U+B67x
U+B68x
U+B69x
U+B6Ax
U+B6Bx
U+B6Cx
U+B6Dx
U+B6Ex
U+B6Fx
U+B70x
U+B71x
U+B72x
U+B73x
U+B74x
U+B75x
U+B76x
U+B77x
U+B78x
U+B79x
U+B7Ax
U+B7Bx
U+B7Cx
U+B7Dx
U+B7Ex
U+B7Fx
U+B80x
U+B81x
U+B82x
U+B83x
U+B84x
U+B85x
U+B86x
U+B87x
U+B88x
U+B89x
U+B8Ax
U+B8Bx
U+B8Cx
U+B8Dx
U+B8Ex
U+B8Fx
U+B90x
U+B91x
U+B92x
U+B93x뤿
U+B94x
U+B95x
U+B96x
U+B97x륿
U+B98x
U+B99x
U+B9Ax
U+B9Bx릿
U+B9Cx
U+B9Dx
U+B9Ex
U+B9Fx맿
U+BA0x
U+BA1x
U+BA2x
U+BA3x먿
U+BA4x
U+BA5x
U+BA6x
U+BA7x멿
U+BA8x
U+BA9x
U+BAAx
U+BABx몿
U+BACx
U+BADx
U+BAEx
U+BAFx뫿
U+BB0x
U+BB1x
U+BB2x
U+BB3x묿
U+BB4x
U+BB5x
U+BB6x
U+BB7x뭿
U+BB8x
U+BB9x
U+BBAx
U+BBBx뮿
U+BBCx
U+BBDx
U+BBEx
U+BBFx믿
U+BC0x
U+BC1x
U+BC2x
U+BC3x밿
U+BC4x
U+BC5x
U+BC6x
U+BC7x뱿
U+BC8x
U+BC9x
U+BCAx
U+BCBx벿
U+BCCx
U+BCDx
U+BCEx
U+BCFx볿
U+BD0x
U+BD1x
U+BD2x
U+BD3x봿
U+BD4x
U+BD5x
U+BD6x
U+BD7x뵿
U+BD8x
U+BD9x
U+BDAx
U+BDBx붿
U+BDCx
U+BDDx
U+BDEx
U+BDFx뷿
U+BE0x
U+BE1x
U+BE2x
U+BE3x븿
U+BE4x
U+BE5x
U+BE6x
U+BE7x빿
U+BE8x
U+BE9x
U+BEAx
U+BEBx뺿
U+BECx
U+BEDx
U+BEEx
U+BEFx뻿
U+BF0x
U+BF1x
U+BF2x
U+BF3x뼿
U+BF4x
U+BF5x
U+BF6x
U+BF7x뽿
U+BF8x
U+BF9x
U+BFAx
U+BFBx뾿
U+BFCx
U+BFDx
U+BFEx
U+BFFx뿿
U+C00x쀀
U+C01x
U+C02x
U+C03x
U+C04x
U+C05x
U+C06x
U+C07x
U+C08x
U+C09x
U+C0Ax
U+C0Bx
U+C0Cx
U+C0Dx
U+C0Ex
U+C0Fx
U+C10x
U+C11x
U+C12x
U+C13x
U+C14x
U+C15x
U+C16x
U+C17x
U+C18x
U+C19x
U+C1Ax
U+C1Bx
U+C1Cx
U+C1Dx
U+C1Ex
U+C1Fx
U+C20x
U+C21x
U+C22x
U+C23x
U+C24x
U+C25x
U+C26x
U+C27x
U+C28x
U+C29x
U+C2Ax
U+C2Bx
U+C2Cx
U+C2Dx
U+C2Ex
U+C2Fx
U+C30x
U+C31x
U+C32x
U+C33x
U+C34x
U+C35x
U+C36x
U+C37x
U+C38x
U+C39x
U+C3Ax
U+C3Bx
U+C3Cx
U+C3Dx
U+C3Ex
U+C3Fx
U+C40x
U+C41x
U+C42x
U+C43x
U+C44x
U+C45x
U+C46x
U+C47x
U+C48x
U+C49x
U+C4Ax
U+C4Bx
U+C4Cx
U+C4Dx
U+C4Ex
U+C4Fx
U+C50x
U+C51x
U+C52x
U+C53x
U+C54x
U+C55x
U+C56x
U+C57x
U+C58x
U+C59x
U+C5Ax
U+C5Bx
U+C5Cx
U+C5Dx
U+C5Ex
U+C5Fx
U+C60x
U+C61x
U+C62x
U+C63x
U+C64x
U+C65x
U+C66x
U+C67x
U+C68x
U+C69x
U+C6Ax
U+C6Bx
U+C6Cx
U+C6Dx
U+C6Ex
U+C6Fx
U+C70x
U+C71x
U+C72x
U+C73x
U+C74x
U+C75x
U+C76x
U+C77x
U+C78x
U+C79x
U+C7Ax
U+C7Bx
U+C7Cx
U+C7Dx
U+C7Ex
U+C7Fx
U+C80x
U+C81x
U+C82x
U+C83x
U+C84x
U+C85x
U+C86x
U+C87x
U+C88x
U+C89x
U+C8Ax
U+C8Bx
U+C8Cx
U+C8Dx
U+C8Ex
U+C8Fx
U+C90x
U+C91x
U+C92x
U+C93x줿
U+C94x
U+C95x
U+C96x
U+C97x쥿
U+C98x
U+C99x
U+C9Ax
U+C9Bx즿
U+C9Cx
U+C9Dx
U+C9Ex
U+C9Fx짿
U+CA0x
U+CA1x
U+CA2x
U+CA3x쨿
U+CA4x
U+CA5x
U+CA6x
U+CA7x쩿
U+CA8x
U+CA9x
U+CAAx
U+CABx쪿
U+CACx
U+CADx
U+CAEx
U+CAFx쫿
U+CB0x
U+CB1x
U+CB2x
U+CB3x쬿
U+CB4x
U+CB5x
U+CB6x
U+CB7x쭿
U+CB8x
U+CB9x
U+CBAx
U+CBBx쮿
U+CBCx
U+CBDx
U+CBEx
U+CBFx쯿
U+CC0x
U+CC1x
U+CC2x
U+CC3x찿
U+CC4x
U+CC5x
U+CC6x
U+CC7x챿
U+CC8x
U+CC9x
U+CCAx
U+CCBx첿
U+CCCx
U+CCDx
U+CCEx
U+CCFx쳿
U+CD0x
U+CD1x
U+CD2x
U+CD3x촿
U+CD4x
U+CD5x
U+CD6x
U+CD7x쵿
U+CD8x
U+CD9x
U+CDAx
U+CDBx춿
U+CDCx
U+CDDx
U+CDEx
U+CDFx췿
U+CE0x
U+CE1x
U+CE2x
U+CE3x츿
U+CE4x
U+CE5x
U+CE6x
U+CE7x칿
U+CE8x
U+CE9x
U+CEAx
U+CEBx캿
U+CECx
U+CEDx
U+CEEx
U+CEFx컿
U+CF0x
U+CF1x
U+CF2x
U+CF3x켿
U+CF4x
U+CF5x
U+CF6x
U+CF7x콿
U+CF8x
U+CF9x
U+CFAx
U+CFBx쾿
U+CFCx
U+CFDx
U+CFEx
U+CFFx쿿
U+D00x퀀
U+D01x
U+D02x
U+D03x
U+D04x
U+D05x
U+D06x
U+D07x
U+D08x
U+D09x
U+D0Ax
U+D0Bx
U+D0Cx
U+D0Dx
U+D0Ex
U+D0Fx
U+D10x
U+D11x
U+D12x
U+D13x
U+D14x
U+D15x
U+D16x
U+D17x
U+D18x
U+D19x
U+D1Ax
U+D1Bx
U+D1Cx
U+D1Dx
U+D1Ex
U+D1Fx
U+D20x
U+D21x
U+D22x
U+D23x
U+D24x
U+D25x
U+D26x
U+D27x
U+D28x
U+D29x
U+D2Ax
U+D2Bx
U+D2Cx
U+D2Dx
U+D2Ex
U+D2Fx
U+D30x
U+D31x
U+D32x
U+D33x
U+D34x
U+D35x
U+D36x
U+D37x
U+D38x
U+D39x
U+D3Ax
U+D3Bx
U+D3Cx
U+D3Dx
U+D3Ex
U+D3Fx
U+D40x
U+D41x
U+D42x
U+D43x
U+D44x
U+D45x
U+D46x
U+D47x
U+D48x
U+D49x
U+D4Ax
U+D4Bx
U+D4Cx
U+D4Dx
U+D4Ex
U+D4Fx
U+D50x
U+D51x
U+D52x
U+D53x
U+D54x
U+D55x
U+D56x
U+D57x
U+D58x
U+D59x
U+D5Ax
U+D5Bx
U+D5Cx
U+D5Dx
U+D5Ex
U+D5Fx
U+D60x
U+D61x
U+D62x
U+D63x
U+D64x
U+D65x
U+D66x
U+D67x
U+D68x
U+D69x
U+D6Ax
U+D6Bx
U+D6Cx
U+D6Dx
U+D6Ex
U+D6Fx
U+D70x
U+D71x
U+D72x
U+D73x
U+D74x
U+D75x
U+D76x
U+D77x
U+D78x
U+D79x
U+D7Ax
Notes
1. ^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

Encoding hangul syllables in Unicode was complicated by a reorganization of the code points:

RFC   2279 explains that this significant incompatible change was made on the assumption that no data or software using Unicode for Korean existed:

"The official justification for allowing such an incompatible change was that no implementations and no data containing Hangul existed, a statement that is likely to be true but remains unprovable. The incident has been dubbed the "Korean mess", and the relevant committees have pledged to never, ever again make such an incompatible change." — RFC   2279

Subsequently, Unicode adopted an encoding stability policy which states that "Once a character is encoded, it will not be moved or removed". [6]

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Hangul Syllables block:

Version Final code points [lower-alpha 1] Count UTC  ID L2  ID WG2  IDDocument
2.0U+AC00..D7A311,172 N767 Ksar, Mike (1991-11-25), Unconfirmed minutes WG2-Paris meeting of October 1991
X3L2/93-078N848Modified Korean Position, 1992-07-02
UTC/1994-xxx "Discussion on Korean Hangul Proposal", Unicode Technical Committee Meeting #62: Discussion of Korean Hangul Proposal, 1994-09-30
X3L2/95-031N1158Korean National Position for adding Hangul characters, 1995-03-08
N1170Canadian Position on Korean Proposal in N 1158 for adding Hangul characters, 1995-03-10
UTC/1995-021B Aliprand, Joan (1995-03-10), Closed Caucus Minutes, UTC #64
N1198Working Draft for a pDAM to 10646 on Korean Hangul, 1995-04-05
X3L2/95-053.1N1199Background on Korean Coding, 1995-04-30
N1203 Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-05-03), "6.4.1", Unconfirmed minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 27, Geneva
X3L2/95-053N1209PDAM no. 5 to ISO/IEC 10646-1: Hangul Character Collections, 1995-05-09
UTC/1995-xxx "Discussion on Korean", Unicode Technical Committee Meeting #65, Minutes, 1995-06-02
X3L2/95-090 N1253 (doc, txt Archived 2020-04-14 at the Wayback Machine )Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-09-09), "6.3", Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting # 28 in Helsinki, Finland; 1995-06-26--27
N1285Hangul Syllable Character Name Generation Algorithm, 1995-11-08
N1303 (html, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1996-01-26), "7. Disposition of comments on pDAM-5 - Korean Hangul", Minutes of Meeting 29, Tokyo
N1331Paterson, Bruce (1996-03-14), DAM 5 (Korean Hangul) Submittal to JTC1
N1332Paterson, Bruce (1996-03-14), BMP Revised Layout (DAM 5 diagram attachment)
N1391Paterson, Bruce (1996-05-18), Hangul syllable name algorithm, simplified
N1353 Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1996-06-25), "6.1", Draft minutes of WG2 Copenhagen Meeting # 30
N1537Table of Replies and Feedback on Amendment 5 – Hangul, 1997-01-29
L2/97-125N1561Paterson, Bruce (1997-05-27), Draft Report on JTC1 letter ballot on DAM No. 5 to ISO/IEC 10646-1 (Hangul)
N1570Paterson, Bruce (1997-06-23), Almost Final Text (pages 2-5 and 182 only) of DAM 5 – Hangul
L2/97-288 N1603 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "5.3.1", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997
N1806 (pdf, doc)Kim, Kyongsok; Paterson, Bruce (1998-07-08), Defect Report on AMD 5 - Hangul Syllables with Editor's response
L2/99-022 N1942 Paterson, Bruce (1998-12-08), Hangul syllable name rules, proposed for ISO/IEC 10646 2nd Edition
L2/99-010 N1903 (pdf, html, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "11.1", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25
L2/99-114 N2018 Paterson, Bruce (1999-03-31), Draft Technical Technical Corrigendum No. 3 to ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993
L2/99-232 N2003 Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "7.1.2 Hangul syllable name rules", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15
L2/99-297 N2119 Disposition of Comments Report on SC 2 N 3306, Draft Technical Corrigendum No. 3 to ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993, 1999-09-20
L2/99-298 N2120 Paterson, Bruce (1999-09-21), Final Text for Technical Corrigendum No. 3 to ISO/IEC 10646-1: 1993
L2/03-100 Edberg, Peter (2002-11-05), Hangul Mapping Errors
L2/02-463 N2564 Kim, Kyongsok (2002-11-30), 3-way cross-reference tables - KS X 1001, KPS 9566, and UCS
L2/04-392 West, Andrew (2004-10-21), Unicode 1 Hangul Mapping Errors
L2/04-361 Moore, Lisa (2004-11-23), "Properties - Unicode 1 Hangul Mapping Errors", UTC #101 Minutes
L2/17-080 Chung, Jaemin (2017-03-29), Informative document about three pre-Unicode-2.0 modern hangul syllables
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

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In the Unicode standard, a plane is a contiguous group of 65,536 (216) code points. There are 17 planes, identified by the numbers 0 to 16, which corresponds with the possible values 00–1016 of the first two positions in six position hexadecimal format (U+hhhhhh). Plane 0 is the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), which contains most commonly used characters. The higher planes 1 through 16 are called "supplementary planes". The last code point in Unicode is the last code point in plane 16, U+10FFFF. As of Unicode version 15.1, five of the planes have assigned code points (characters), and seven are named.

KPS 9566 is a North Korean standard specifying a character encoding for the Chosŏn'gŭl (Hangul) writing system used for the Korean language. The edition of 1997 specified an ISO 2022-compliant 94×94 two-byte coded character set. Subsequent editions have added additional encoded characters outside of the 94×94 plane, in a manner comparable to UHC or GBK.

KS X 1001, "Code for Information Interchange ", formerly called KS C 5601, is a South Korean coded character set standard to represent Hangul and Hanja characters on a computer.

CJK Symbols and Punctuation is a Unicode block containing symbols and punctuation used for writing the Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages. It also contains one Chinese character.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hangul Jamo (Unicode block)</span> Unicode character block

Hangul Jamo is a Unicode block containing positional forms of the Hangul consonant and vowel clusters. While the Hangul Syllables Unicode block contains precomposed syllables used in standard modern Korean, the Hangul Jamo block can be used to compose arbitrary syllables dynamically including those not included in the Hangul Syllables block.

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months is a Unicode block containing circled and parenthesized Katakana, Hangul, and CJK ideographs. Also included in the block are miscellaneous glyphs that would more likely fit in CJK Compatibility or Enclosed Alphanumerics: a few unit abbreviations, circled numbers from 21 to 50, and circled multiples of 10 from 10 to 80 enclosed in black squares.

Tamil All Character Encoding (TACE16) is a scheme for encoding the Tamil script in the Private Use Area of Unicode, implementing a syllabary-based character model differing from the modified-ISCII model used by Unicode's existing Tamil implementation.

Hangul, Hangul Supplementary-A, and Hangul Supplementary-B were character blocks that existed in Unicode 1.0 and 1.1, and ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993. These blocks encoded precomposed modern Hangul syllables. These three Unicode 1.x blocks were deleted and superseded by the new Hangul Syllables block (U+AC00–U+D7AF) in Unicode 2.0 and ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 Amd. 5 (1998), and are now occupied by CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A and Yijing Hexagram Symbols. Moving or removing existing characters has been prohibited by the Unicode Stability Policy for all versions following Unicode 2.0, so the Hangul Syllables block introduced in Unicode 2.0 is immutable.

GB 12052-89, entitled Korean character coded character set for information interchange, is a Korean-language character set standard established by China. It consists of a total of 5,979 characters, and has no relationship nor compatibility with South Korea's KS X 1001 and North Korea's KPS 9566.

KS X 1002 is a South Korean character set standard established in order to supplement KS X 1001. It consists of a total of 7,649 characters.

CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I is a Unicode block comprising CJK Unified Ideographs included in drafts of an amendment to China's GB 18030 standard circulated in 2022 and 2023, which were fast-tracked into Unicode in 2023.

References

  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. Chung, Jaemin (2017-03-29). "Informative document about three pre-Unicode-2.0 modern hangul syllables" (PDF).
  4. Chang, K. D.; Choi, In Sook; Kim, Jung Ho (1995-10-04). "Korean Hangul Encoding Conversion Table".
  5. "Notes and corrections for HANGUL.TXT". 2005-10-13.
  6. "Unicode Character Encoding Stability Policies". Unicode Consortium. 2016-11-14.

See also