Harijan Mandal

Last updated

The Harijan Mandal was an Ambedkarite political party in Jammu and Kashmir. The party was founded in 1951. [1] It was modelled on the Scheduled Castes Federation. [2] Unlike its predecessor, the All Jammu and Kashmir Harijan Mandal (founded in the 1920s), this organization was oriented towards electoral politics. [1] It was led by Babu Milkhi Ram (president), Munshi Ram, Major Singh and Sain Das. [1] [2] [3] The party was concentrated in Jammu. [3] [4] It was opposed to the Jammu Praja Parishad, which was dominated by upper caste Hindus. [3] The party received government support during the reign of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. [3]

Contents

Electoral history

The party fielded two candidates in the 1952 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election, Milkhi Ram being one of them. Both were defeated by Jammu and Kashmir National Conference candidates by large margins. [2] [5] The party had received support from the Praja Parishad, which had withdrawn its candidates from the election. [6] The party won one seat (Babu Milkhi Ram, representing Jammu tehsil) in the 1957 Jammu and Kashmir assembly election. [2] [7] [8] [9] It had contested all four seats reserves for Scheduled Castes. [3] The election symbol of party was a standing lion. [8]

Coalition politics

The party contested the 1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election as a constituent of the United Socialist Front (a coalition led by the Praja Socialist Party, and which also included the Akali Dal). [10] [11] The party fielded ten candidates, but none was elected. All in all, they got 13,743 votes (1.89% of the votes in the state). [12]

Dissolution

After the 1962 election the party entered a phase of decline. It was dissolved in 1970. [1] Milkhi Ram later joined the Republican Party of India (RPI). [2] In 1984 after formation of Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), the Jammu unit of RPI merged into BSP under Kanshi Ram. [13] [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahujan Samaj Party</span> Indian political party

The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a national level political party in India that was formed to represent Bahujans, referring to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes (OBC), along with religious minorities. According to Kanshi Ram, when he founded the party in 1984, the Bahujans comprised 85 percent of India's population, but were divided into 6,000 different castes. The party claims to be inspired by the philosophy of Gautama Buddha, B. R. Ambedkar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj. Kanshi Ram named his protégée, Mayawati, as his successor in 2001. The BSP has its main base in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh where it was the second-largest party in the 2019 Indian general election with 19.3% of votes and third-largest in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election with 12.88% of votes. Its election symbol is an elephant which is the same symbol historically used by Dr. Ambedkar's Scheduled Castes Federation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kanshi Ram</span> Indian politician

Kanshi Ram, also known as Bahujan Nayak or Manyavar or Saheb, was an Indian politician and social reformer who worked for the upliftment and political mobilisation of the Bahujans, the backward or lower caste people including untouchable groups at the bottom of the caste system in India. Towards this end, Kanshi Ram founded Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS-4), the All India Backward (SC,ST,OBC..) and Minorities Communities Employees' Federation (BAMCEF) in 1971 and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984. He ceded leadership of the BSP to his protégé Mayawati who has served four terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republican Party of India</span> Indian political party

The Republican Party of India is a political party in India. It has its roots in the Scheduled Castes Federation led by B. R. Ambedkar. The 'Training School for Entrance to Politics' was established by Ambedkar in 1956 which was to serve as an entry point to the Republican Party of India (RPI). The first batch of the school consisted of 15 students. Its first batch turned out to be last batch as the school was closed after Ambedkar's death in 1956.

Balraj Madhok was an Indian political activist and politician from Jammu. Originally an activist of the nationalist organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), he later worked as a politician in the Bharatiya Jan Sangh (BJS). Madhok was instrumental in launching the RSS in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and later the political party Jammu Praja Parishad for representing the interests of Jammu Hindus. He eventually rose to become the president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and led its successful contest in the general election of 1967. He resigned from the party afterwards due to political differences with Atal Bihari Vajpayee and L. K. Advani.

Bahujan is a Pali term frequently found in Buddhist texts, with a literal meaning of "the many", or "the majority". In a modern context, it refers to the combined population of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Muslims, and minorities, who together constitute the demographic majority of India. The word bahujan appears in the dictum "Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha", articulated by Gautama Buddha.

Politics in reorganised present-day Punjab is dominated by mainly three parties – Indian National Congress, Aam Aadmi Party and Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal). Since 1967, Chief Minister of Punjab has been predominantly from Jatt Sikh community despite its 21 percent state population. Exceptions are Giani Zail Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant OBC community having population of 31.3 percent in the state and Charanjit Singh Channi who held the position for 111 days from 20 September 2021 to 16 March 2022 and was from Scheduled Caste(Dalit) who have 32 percent population in the state. Other prominent party is Bahujan Samaj Party especially in Doaba region founded by Kanshi Ram of Rupnagar district. In 1992 BSP won 9 seats Vidhan Sabha elections. Also BSP won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in 1996 general elections and only Garhshanker seat in 1997 Vidhan Sabha elections. Communist parties too have some influence in the Malwa area. In the 2014 general elections, the first-time contesting Aam Aadmi Party got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments. The support for the Aam Aadmi Party increased later in Punjab. The current Government was elected in the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections and the AAP won 92 out of 117 Assembly seats with Bhagwant Mann as the Chief Minister. The Congress flows down to get only 18 seats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1951–52 Indian general election</span>

General elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. They were the first elections to the Lok Sabha after independence in August 1947. It was conducted under the provisions of the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on 26 November 1949. Elections to most of the state legislatures took place simultaneously.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election</span>

The 2007 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election was held during April–May 2007. It was held to elect a government for the state of Uttar Pradesh in India.

The politics of Odisha are part of India's federal parliamentary representative democracy, where the union government exercises sovereign rights. Certain powers are reserved to the states, including Odisha. The state has a multi-party system, in which the two main parties are the nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the regional, socialist Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The Indian National Congress (INC) has also significant presence.

The All India Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation, abbreviated as BAMCEF, is an organisation for employees of oppressed communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram, D. K. Khaparde, and Dinabhana. The term got its significance from the Constitution of India, which intersects the oppressed and exploited Indians into classes on the basis of their status: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Class (OBC) and Minority Communities.

{{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = MLA | name = Dara Singh Chauhan | honorific-suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | office = Minister of Forest, Environment, Zoological Garden
Government of Uttar Pradesh | term_start = March 2017 | term_end = 12 January 2022 | 1blankname = Chief Minister | 1namedata = Yogi Adityanath | constituency = | predecessor = Durga Prasad Yadav | successor = | constituency2 = [[Ghosi |], Mau | office2 = MLA, 17th Legislative Assembly | term_start2 = March 2017 | term_end2 = March 2022 | predecessor2 = Umesh Pandey | successor2 = | office3 = MLA, 18th Legislative Assembly | term_start3 = March 2022 | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = Vijay Rajbhar | constituency3 = Member of Legislative Assembly, Ghosi | constituency4 = Ghosi | office4 = Member of Parliament in 15th Lok Sabha | term_start4 = May 2009 | term_end4 = May 2014 | predecessor4 = Chandradeo Prasad Rajbhar | successor4 = Harinarayan Rajbhar | office13 = Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | constituency14 = Uttar Pradesh | term_start14 = 30 November 1996 | term_end14 = 02 April 2000 | term_start13 = 3 April 2000 | term_end13 = 2 April 2006 | birth_date = July 25, 1963 | birth_place = Galvara, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | birthname = | parents = Ram Kishan Chauhan | nationality = Indian | party = Samajwadi Party | otherparty = Bahujan Samaj Party
BJP | spouse = Disha Chauhan | partner = | relations = | children = 4 | residence = Raj Bhawan Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh | alma_mater = High School | occupation = MLA | profession = Politician | footnotes = }} Dara Singh Chauhan is an Indian politician who represented Madhuban in Uttar Pradesh as a member of Samajwadi party. . He was former Cabinet Minister in Yogi Adityanath ministry. He also represented Ghosi in the 15th Lok Sabha, where he was leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party. In 16th Lok Sabha, he was defeated by Harinarayan Rajbhar who represented Bharatiya Janata Party by more than 140,000 votes.

Mohanlalganj is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Mohanlalganj in the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

The Jammu Praja Parishad was a political party active in the Jammu Division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It was founded in November 1947 by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activist Balraj Madhok, and served as the main opposition party in the state. It maintained close ties with Bharatiya Jana Sangh during its lifetime and merged with the latter in 1963. Its main activity was to campaign for the close integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India and oppose the special status granted to the state under the Article 370 of the Indian constitution. After its merger with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the precursor of the present day Bharatiya Janata Party, the party gradually rose in stature. As an integral part of the Bharatiya Janata Party, it was a partner in the ruling coalition led by the People's Democratic Party.

Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in February 1967. Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq was appointed Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.

Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in the early months of 1962. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.

The first elections for the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir under its own Constitution were held in March–June 1957. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.

Elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held in September–October 1951. Sheikh Abdullah was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups such as the Jammu Praja Parishad agitation, Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed as the next Prime Minister.

Ranbir Singh Pora Assembly constituency is one of the 87 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Ranbir Singh Pora is also part of Jammu Lok Sabha constituency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satnam Singh Kainth</span> Indian politician

Satnam Singh Kainth, was an Indian politician and founder of BSP (Kainth).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahagathbandhan (2019)</span> Political alliance in the 2019 Indian general election

The Mahagathbandhan, or MGB, or simply the Gathbandhan (Alliance), was an anti-Congress, anti-BJP, Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the 2019 general election under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav of the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati of the Bahujan Samaj Party, along with Ajit Singh's Rashtriya Lok Dal and several other political parties, contesting in different states of India.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Saxena, Ashish and Vijaylaxmi Saxena. RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE, LOW CASTE HINDUS AND THE IDENTITY POLITICS: CONFIGURATION OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS SPACE FOR WEAKER SECTIONS IN JAMMU CITY, J&K (INDIA) . p. 101
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Rāmacandra Kshīrasāgara (1 January 1994). Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 92. ISBN   978-81-85880-43-3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 S. N. Sadasivan (1977). Party and democracy in India. Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 59.
  4. ↑ Shiv Lal (1972). Indian elections since independence. Election Archives. p. 77.
  5. ↑ Zaheer Masood Quraishi (1979). Elections and State Politics of India: A Case Study of Kashmir. Sundeep. p. 47.
  6. ↑ Yog Raj Sharma (2002). Political Dynamics of Jammu and Kashmir. Radha Krishan Anand & Company. p. 315. ISBN   978-81-88256-02-0.
  7. ↑ Role of Regional Political Parties in India. Mittal Publications. 2007. p. 6. ISBN   978-81-8324-191-5.
  8. 1 2 India. Election Commission (1963). Report on the Third General Elections in India, 1962. Manager of Publications.
  9. ↑ India: A Reference Annual. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1960. p. 414.
  10. ↑ Link, Vol. 4, Eds. 26–51. United India Periodicals. 1962. p. 67.
  11. ↑ Balraj Puri (1962). Conduct of Elections in Jammu and Kashmir State. Jammu and Kashmir Praja Socialist Party. p. 13.
  12. ↑ Election Commission of India. State Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu And Kashmir
  13. ↑ "BSP pays tributes to Babu Milkhi Ram". Daily Excelsior. 16 June 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  14. ↑ "J&K poll: BSP worries Cong". The Tribune. 10 May 2002. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.