In the 17th century it is recorded as being in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome, as shown by a seal on its reverse. It was most probably commissioned directly from the artist by cardinal Alessandro Farnese - the painter had come from Rome to Venice in 1570 and was recommended to Farnese by Giulio Clovio, then in the service of the Farnese family. He had found an admirer in the cardinal's librarian Fulvio Orsini.
Another reason for thinking it was a direct commission are portraits of members of the Farnese family in the background, which are not present in other two paintings by El Greco of the same subject - one is in the Gemäldegalerie in Dresden (produced during his first stay in Venice) and the other in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (from the time of his arrival in Spain). One of the figures in the group on the left seems to be Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and in the middle of the line cardinal Ranuccio Farnese, the latter being a post-mortem portrait. The work was sent to Parma in 1662 to hang in the Farnese palace of Palazzo del Giardino - at that time it was misattributed to Tintoretto. It moved to its present home in 1862.
(in Italian) Nicoletta Moretti, Scheda dell'opera; in Lucia Fornari Schianchi (a cura di) Galleria Nazionale di Parma. Catalogo delle opere, il Seicento, Milano, 1999
Agostino Carracci was an Italian painter, printmaker, tapestry designer, and art teacher. He was, together with his brother, Annibale Carracci, and cousin, Ludovico Carracci, one of the founders of the Accademia degli Incamminati in Bologna. This teaching academy promoted the Carracci emphasized drawing from life. It promoted progressive tendencies in art and was a reaction to the Mannerist distortion of anatomy and space. The academy helped propel painters of the School of Bologna to prominence.
Annibale Carracci was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the Baroque style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.
Francesco Albani or Albano was an Italian Baroque painter who was active in Bologna (1591–1600), Rome (1600–1609), Bologna (1609), Viterbo (1609–1610), Bologna (1610), Rome (1610–1617), Bologna (1618–1660), Mantova (1621–1622), Roma (1623–1625) and Florence (1633).
Antonio Marziale Carracci was an Italian painter. He was the natural son of Agostino Carracci.
Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.
Museo di Capodimonte is an art museum located in the Palace of Capodimonte, a grand Bourbon palazzo in Naples, Italy. The museum is the prime repository of Neapolitan painting and decorative art, with several important works from other Italian schools of painting, and some important ancient Roman sculptures. It is one of the largest museums in Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 1957.
The Galleria nazionale di Parma is an art gallery in Parma, northern Italy.
Madonna and Child is a 1621–1627 painting by Anthony van Dyck, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma.
Pietà is a c. 1600 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, the earliest surviving work by him on the subject, which was commissioned by Odoardo Farnese. It moved from Rome to Parma to Naples as part of the Farnese collection and is now in the National Museum of Capodimonte in Naples. It is one of many 16th century Bolognese paintings dedicated to the theme of the Pietà, and it is counted among Carracci's masterpieces.
Pope Paul III with a Nephew is an unfinished 1534 oil on slate portrait by Sebastiano del Piombo, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma. The nephew's identity is unclear but the painting's presumed date suggests it may be Ottavio Farnese, whom Pope Paul III made Duke of Parma and Piacenza soon after the work's date
Deesis with Saint Paul and Saint Catherine is an oil on panel painting by Giulio Romano, executed c. 1520, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma. Its title refers to deesis, a subject in Christian iconography, shown here with Paul of Tarsus and Catherine of Alexandria in the lower register and the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist in the upper.
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine or Mystic Betrothal of Saint Catherine is a c.1524 oil on canvas painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Parmigianino. The work is now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma. Art historians argue that the work may be attributed to the period in which Parmigianino was painting his first works in the church of San Giovanni Evangelista, as also emerges from a recent restoration, which has shown that its technique is near-identical to that of Parmigianino - "no underdrawing, pigment use, descriptive speed, drafting of final shadows, using fingers and brush-ends as tools".
Capriccio with the Campidoglio is a c. 1742 oil on canvas painting by Bernardo Bellotto. It was acquired by count Stefano Sanvitale di Parma in 1835 and then exhibited in the Galleria nazionale di Parma, where it now hangs alongside another painting originally produced as its pendant.
Christ in Glory with Saints and Odoardo Farnese or 'Christ in Glory with Odoardo Farnese and Saints Peter, John the Evangelist, Mary Magdalene, Hermenegild and Edward is a painting by Annibale Carracci. Placed in the Eremo di Camldoli either early in its life or straight after its creation, at the end of the 17th century Ferdinando II de' Medici moved it to the Galleria Palatina in Florence, where it still hangs.
Self-Portrait is a 1593 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma. It is dated 17 April 1593 on the top left of the canvas.
Pietà with Saints Clare, Francis and Mary Magdalene is a 1585 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma.
Penitent Magdalene is a c. 1550 oil on canvas painting by Titian, now in the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples.
Portrait of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese is a c. 1545 – 46 oil on canvas three-quarter-length portrait of Alessandro Farnese the Younger (1520-1589) by Titian, now in the Museo nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples.
Portrait of Pope Paul III with Camauro is a 1545 – 1546 oil on canvas painting by Titian, now in the Museo nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples.
Susannah and the Elders is a 1650 oil on canvas painting, now in the National Gallery in Parma.
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