Heather (fabric)

Last updated
Mark Zuckerberg in blue heather shirt Mark Zuckerberg F8 2018 Keynote.jpg
Mark Zuckerberg in blue heather shirt

In clothing, heather refers to a color effect created by mixing two or more different colored fibers or yarns. [1] [2] It is interwoven yarns of mixed colors, and possibly the type of fiber, producing another color. [3] It is typically used to mix multiple shades of grey or grey with another color to produce a muted shade (e.g., heather green), but any two colors can be mixed, including bright colors. A mixed fabric color is achieved by using different colors of fiber and mixing them together (a good example is a grey heather t-shirt). Black and white fiber mixed will combine to give grey heather fiber. Heather is blended fibers combined to create a multicolored effect. Heather effect is also known as melange effect. [2]

Contents

Methods

Fundamentally it is a mixing of the different colored fibers and yarns combined in one fabric. The methods may involve one of the following

Melange yarns

The term "melange yarn" is derived from the French word mélange, meaning a mixture. [4] [5] Melange yarns are made with mixed fibers dyed before yarn spinning. Melange yarns yield economical blended textile materials. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Marl yarn

Marl or Marled [10] yarn is a plied yarn. The doubling process produces the Marl yarn. Two yarns of different colors or may be of two different types are twisted together to make one. The texture of the resultant yarn is other than regular yarn. The process helps in producing fancy yarns. [11] [12] [13]

Jaspe is similar yarns produced by twisting different colored yarns or spinning yarn from two different colored rovings. [14] [15] [16] [17]

Cross dyeing

Heather yarn may be more expensive than regular yarns because of other processes involved during fiber dyeing or yarn dyeing in the case of heather effect. The cross dyeing of blends may also create the heather effect. Different fibers types respond differently to the dyes. Cross dyeing is the way of dyeing constituting fibers in different colors. [18] Selection of dyes and fiber composition plays a vital role in this case. [19]

It is important to note that depending on the percent of cotton, the fabric can still be legally labeled 100% cotton. [20]

Importance and use

Manipulating parts of fiber (by color or type) produce different shades in the heather. Many weaves and knit structures are possible with them. Heather effects add value to the products and increase the range and variety of textiles options other than piece-dyed/solids and prints. [21] Grey heather in T-shirts is one of the most famous colors in heathers. [22]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Textile</span> Various fiber-based materials

Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yarn</span> Long continuous length of interlocked fibres

Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for needlework. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials, and comes in a variety of colors and thicknesses. Although yarn may be dyed different colours, most yarns are solid coloured with a uniform hue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denim</span> Warp-faced textile

Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weave produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck. While a denim predecessor known as dungaree has been produced in India for hundreds of years, denim as it is recognized today was first produced in Nîmes, France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Velvet</span> Type of pile fabric

Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed, with a short, dense pile, giving it a distinctive soft feel. By extension, the word velvety means "smooth like velvet". In the past, velvet was typically made from silk. Today, velvet can be made from linen, cotton, wool and synthetic fibers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dyeing</span> Process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics

Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time being key controlling factors. The bond between dye molecule and fiber may be strong or weak, depending on the dye used. Dyeing and printing are different applications; in printing, color is applied to a localized area with desired patterns. In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Textile design</span> Creation of designs for the manufacturing of woven, knitted or printed fabrics

Textile geometry is the creative and technical process by which thread or yarn fibers are woven together or interlaced to form a flexible, functional, and decorative cloth or fabric which is subsequently printed upon or otherwise adorned. Textile design is further broken down into three major disciplines, printed textile design, woven textile design, and mixed media textile design, each of which use different methods to produce a surface ornamented fabric for variable uses and markets. Textile Design as a practice has evolved to become an industry integral to other disciplines such as fashion, interior design, and fine arts.

<i>Kasuri</i>

Kasuri (絣) is the Japanese term for fabric that has been woven with fibers dyed specifically to create patterns and images in the fabric, typically referring to fabrics produced within Japan using this technique. It is a form of ikat dyeing, traditionally resulting in patterns characterized by their blurred or brushed appearance.

The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of human technologies. To make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of colouring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. For more information of the various steps, see textile manufacturing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novelty yarns</span> Any yarn with special effects introduced in spinning or plying

Novelty yarns include a wide variety of yarns made with unusual features, structure or fiber composition such as slubs, inclusions, metallic or synthetic fibers, laddering and varying thickness introduced during production. Some linens, wools to be woven into tweed, and the uneven filaments of some types of silk are allowed to retain their normal irregularities, producing the characteristic uneven surface of the finished fabric. Man-made fibres, which can be modified during production, are especially adaptable for special effects such as crimping and texturizing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpaca fiber</span>

Alpaca fleece is the natural fiber harvested from an alpaca. There are two different types of alpaca fleece. The most common fleece type comes from a Huacaya. Huacaya fiber grows and looks similar to sheep wool in that the animal looks "fluffy". The second type of alpaca is Suri and makes up less than 10% of the South American alpaca population. Suri fiber is more similar to natural silk and hangs off the body in locks that have a dreadlock appearance. While both fibers can be used in the worsted milling process using light weight yarn or thread, Huacaya fiber can also be used in a woolen process and spun into various weight yarns. It is a soft, durable, luxurious and silky natural fiber.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Variegated yarn</span> Yarn dyed with more than one colour

Variegated yarn is yarn dyed with more than one colour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Finishing (textiles)</span> Manufacturing process

In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finish textile or clothing. The precise meaning depends on context.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cotton recycling</span>

Cotton recycling is the process of converting cotton fabric into fibers that can be reused into other textile products.

Wet Processing Engineering is one of the major streams in Textile Engineering or Textile manufacturing which refers to the engineering of textile chemical processes and associated applied science. The other three streams in textile engineering are yarn engineering, fabric engineering, and apparel engineering. The processes of this stream are involved or carried out in an aqueous stage. Hence, it is called a wet process which usually covers pre-treatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing.

Kotpad Handloom is a vegetable-dyed fabric woven by the tribal weavers of the Mirgan community of Kotpad village in Koraput district, Odisha, India. Cotton sarees with solid border and Pata Anchal, duppatta with typical Buties / motifs, Scolrfs on cotton, silk, handloom stoles, and dress materials are all dyed with organic dyes. The natural dye is manufactured from the aul tree grown in this area. The Kotpad tussar silk saree with tribal art and Kotpad handloom fabrics with natural color is its specialty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greige goods</span> Woven or knitted fabrics which are not yet dyed or finished.

Greige goods are loom state woven fabrics, or unprocessed knitted fabrics. Greige goods undergo many subsequent processes, for instance, dyeing, printing, bleaching, and finishing, prior to further converting to finished goods such as clothing, or other textile products."Grey fabrics" is another term to refer to unfinished woven or knitted fabrics.

Plated fabrics are fabrics that have different colors or types of face and back. The fabrics are formed by using different kinds of yarn types or colors to both be invisible on the other side. Different properties of several textile fibers are exploited to obtain various surface interests and patterns. One of the aspects is the thermophysiological and moisture comfort of clothing.

Barré is an unintentional repetitive horizontal pattern in fabrics that is generally undesirable and considered as a defect. It appears as a lateral stripe pattern. Barré occurs for many reasons associated with the manufacturing of textile ensembles like fiber, yarn, fabric manufacturing, weaving or knitting, or finishing faults.

A blend is a mixture of two or more fibers. In yarn spinning, different compositions, lengths, diameters, or colors may be combined to create a blend. Blended textiles are fabrics or yarns produced with a combination of two or more types of different fibers, or yarns to obtain desired traits and aesthetics. Blending is possible at various stages of textile manufacturing. The term, blend, refers to spun fibers or a fabric composed of such fibers. There are several synonymous terms: a combination yarn is made up of two strands of different fibers twisted together to form a ply; a mixture or mixed cloth refers to blended cloths in which different types of yarns are used in warp and weft sides.

Delaine was a kind of mixed cloth with cotton warp and wool in the weft. Delaines have many variations such as made of undyed yarns, and also printed or piece dyed. Delaine was a type of cloth used to manufacture women's dresses that was traded in the nineteenth century under many names to suit importers and traders. Moreover, it appeared that the plaintiffs' goods differed from delaines in various other respects.

References

  1. ↑ Humphries, Mary (2009). Fabric Reference. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 142, 225. ISBN   9788131765708.
  2. 1 2 heddels. "Heather". Heddels. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  3. ↑ "heather [noun; sense 5]". Collins English Dictionary . HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  4. ↑ Buss, Katharina (2001). Big Book of Knitting. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 13. ISBN   978-0-8069-6317-4.
  5. ↑ "Definition of MÉLANGE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  6. ↑ Wang, Hua; Memon, Hafeezullah (2020-11-08). Cotton Science and Processing Technology: Gene, Ginning, Garment and Green Recycling. Springer Nature. p. 541. ISBN   978-981-15-9169-3.
  7. ↑ Technology of the Textile Industry, U.S.S.R. Textile Institute. 1963. p. 19.
  8. ↑ Harris, Milton (1957). Natural and Synthetic Fibers Yearbook. Interscience Publishers. p. 375.
  9. ↑ Vanessa-Ann (Firm) (2003). Knitting for the First Time. Sterling Pub. p. 18. ISBN   978-0-8069-6415-7.
  10. ↑ "The Oxford Dictionary defines marled - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  11. ↑ Sinclair, Rose (2014-11-08). Textiles and Fashion: Materials, Design and Technology. Elsevier. p. 170. ISBN   978-0-85709-561-9.
  12. ↑ Cassidy, Tom; Goswami, Parikshit (2017-11-15). Textile and Clothing Design Technology. CRC Press. p. 91. ISBN   978-1-4987-9641-5.
  13. ↑ Gong, R. H. (2011-09-14). Specialist Yarn and Fabric Structures: Developments and Applications. Elsevier. p. 79. ISBN   978-0-85709-393-6.
  14. ↑ Kühn, Dr Hermann (1986). Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities. Butterworths. p. 224. ISBN   978-0-408-10851-5.
  15. ↑ Manufacturers, National Association of Wool (1930). Bulletin. p. 60.
  16. ↑ Berkeley, Bernard (1970). The Selection and Maintenance of Commercial Carpet. Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly, School of Hotel Administration, Cornell University. p. 64.
  17. ↑ Bhattacharya, Dr S. S. (2020). Value Added Textile Yarns-Manufacturing Techniques and its uses. Om SaiTech Books. p. 215. ISBN   978-93-89004-13-7.
  18. ↑ Humphries, Mary (2009). Fabric Reference. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 222. ISBN   9788131765708.
  19. ↑ Mary Katherine Dixon, Jill Condra, Dianne Rose Jackman (2003). The Guide to Textiles for Interiors. Portage and Main Press. p. 126. ISBN   9781895411973.
  20. ↑ "Calling It Cotton: Labeling and Advertising Cotton Products". Federal Trade Commission. July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  21. ↑ Textile Asia - Volume 26, Issues 7-12. The University of California: Business Press. 1995. p. 87.
  22. ↑ Edwin Mark Norris, Jesse Lynch Williams (1996). Princeton Alumni Weekly - Volume 97. Princeton University.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.