 | This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.(June 2022) |
Helga Plumb is a Canadian architect known for her post modern and environmentally friendly design. She was born in Bruck/Mur, Austria, in 1939. [1] Plumb left Austria at the age of 20, and emigrated to Canada, where she settled in Toronto in 1959. [2]
Helga Plumb studied architecture at the Technische Hochschule in Austria for one year before moving to Toronto, Canada. [3] She completed her undergraduate degree in architecture at the University of Toronto in 1963 and remained there to receive her masters of architecture in Urban design in 1967. [4] It was very uncommon for women in Ontario to be studying architecture during this time. Countries like Austria had a higher population of female students. Many women who left to study in Canada were often the only women in their class. Female architects such as Plumb have openly discussed the alienation that occurred studying as a woman in the Ontario classroom during the 1960s and 70s. [5]
After Plumb graduated from her master's program, she began to work for multiple firms. She began her career at Diamond and Clark where she was a project architect in Edmonton, Alberta. Here Plumb helped design the Edmonton Health Sciences Centre as well as a housing project and Amphitheatre in Calgary. [6] Around this time, she also began working for Sasaki Dawson & DeMay as a design assistant in Watertown, Massachusetts. While with this company Plumb aided in the construction of the Barrington College Gymnasium and the Watertown University Library. [7] Later she worked for Shore and Moffat as their production architect based in Toronto. Her projects were the General Arts Building at the University of Saskatoon and the Coinco Research Building in Burlington Ontario. [7] While developing her skills and working her way up to larger projects, Plumb also began being involved in the academic side of her field. From 1981 to 1982 she worked as an associate professor at the University of Waterloo. After that, she moved to the Technical University of Nova Scotia from 1985 to 1986 as a visiting professor. [8] Through her teaching career, Plumb became very interested in how classrooms were used and what they did to benefit or distract students. How people interacted in her buildings became a constant concern for Plumb. She believed buildings should encourage social engagement instead of hinder it. [9] As her career developed, she began to work at the Fairfield and Du Bois Partnership, where she met her soon-to-be husband, Macy Du Bois. After Fairfield left for retirement, Plumb was promoted to partner, and the company was renamed the Du Bois Plumb Partnership. [10] Between the years of 1979-1993 Plumb and Du Bois created some of their most memorable work, one of these works being the Canadian Embassy in Beijing. This building took over ten years of planning to create; this was due to a number of bureaucratic circumstances that caused many problems for the architects and builders. [11] The embassy located at 19 Dongzhimenwai Dajie, Caho Yang District in Beijing is one of 172 foreign representations in Beijing and one of 382 foreign representatives in China. [12]
Plumb enjoyed working alongside her husband and did so until her retirement in 2001. [8] Plumb once stated, “I’m not sure I would get jobs if clients didn’t know I had a male back-up.” It was not uncommon for people in Ontario to believe women needed a male-presence to make an impact in architecture. [13] Female architects based out of Ontario commonly noted that they felt intimidated by the extremely male-dominated field. On the other hand, many female architects based out of Quebec said they did not and would often get offended by any suggestion that they needed to rely on their male co-workers to make it in the industry. [13]
Plumb's style is known for uniting people inside a space. She enjoyed taking old architectural ideas and reconstructing them to fit modern life. [14] She believed contemporary ideas were built from ideas of the past and not entirely new. She often focused on function, structure, and material in her buildings and believed these were the foundations for creating a remarkable design. However, she believed that function and structure were slightly more critical than material, and that material should be used as a way to support function and structure. [15] She wanted her buildings to be backgrounds on which people could engage with one another. Her buildings never dominated a space but rather blended into their surroundings. [16] While growing up, Plumb was heavily inspired by the old architecture of Austria. She noticed the way these buildings and streets made people act within them. Plumb took these ideas and applied them to a post-modern style. [16] She liked the sophistication of the modern movement and its step away from ornamentation. Plumb once stated, “I don’t think you have to attach things to architecture because you can utilize everything you have.” This idea is often portrayed in her designs. [16]
The Oakland Condominium is a large housing complex built in 1981, two years after becoming partners with Macy Du Bois. This building located on 315 Avenue Road and 20-40 Oakland's Ave Summer Hill, Toronto is made up of six floors and 65 different apartments. [17] In this work Plumb wanted to create the idea of a city within a city, to do this she created an internal walkway through the building that is full of natural light. [16] This way renters could come to this mini-city to engage with one another. All renters have access to a parking garage and visitor parking to encourage residents to bring guests. [17] This building's architecture won Plumb the Habitation Space International Award of Excellence, the Canadian Architect Yearbook Award of Excellence, the O.A.A Toronto Life Design Award, the Canadian Architect Design Award and the Governor General’s Medal for Architecture. [7] Plumb used the Scaramouche Restaurant in Toronto as another way to play with human interaction. Built-in 1979 this building is located at 1 Benevento Place in Toronto, Ontario. [18] The foundation of the restaurant is created using a structural grid that controls but encourages the flow of traffic through the restaurant. [16] Plumb designed this building to sit on a hillside, so diners could enjoy looking down onto the city while eating. At night the city lights create a romantic backdrop for the restaurant's French cuisine. [18] The original owner that worked with Plumb continues to run the restaurant over 35 years later. The pair worked together to create an environment that matched the chef's contemporary French food. [18] The restaurant's space is divided so that people can enjoy a casual dinner downstairs or fine dining upstairs. Reviews of this restaurant continue to praise Plumb's design, stating it creates the perfect atmosphere for relaxing. [18]
Another famous project from the Du Bois Plumb Partnership is the Tom Longboat Elementary School erected in 1978. [16] This school is located at 37 Crow Trail in Scarborough Malvern and is named after the long-distance runner and Onondaga Aboriginal, Tom Longboat. [19] The school shows Plumb's famous postmodern style that contains a grid-like foundation similar to the Scaramouche Restaurant. [16] The grid encourages children to play and learn with one another but also to remain organized. This building ended up winning the Scarborough Planning Board Urban Design Certificate of Merit and the OMRC Award of Merit. [20] Plumb was often disappointed with the lack of resources and effort put into creating schools for children. She thought Canadian schools resembled jail too much and did not encourage learning. [21] Helga Plumb often turned down requests for schools with no windows at all so that students would not be distracted. Once in an interview, Plumb stated, “there is this whole idea that children will be distracted outside which is incredible to me because there is so much to learn outside. To lock a kid up inside is unbelievable.” [21] A specific moment that altered the way Plumb saw the classroom was when a butterfly fluttered through her window while teaching one day. She stated that all the students stopped their work and became completely engaged with the butterfly. After her attempt to redirect her students’ attention failed, she gave up and spent the rest of her class talking about and watching the butterfly. [21] Plumb realized the disconnect students have from nature in the classroom; schools do not reflect the minds of their students instead they try to control them. [21] Plumb attempted to alter the classroom in very cost-effective ways. In some cases, she would slant roofs in order to allow more windows, or she would colour the walls. [21] School boards kept pushing architects to harden schools so they would last a long time; however, Plumb noticed this caused them to resemble prison cells more and more. By increasing natural light and colour Plumb was attempting to bring softness and life back into the classroom. [21]
Sarah Hall is a stained glass artist from Canada. Sarah Hall is internationally recognized for her large-scale art glass installations and solar projects. Her work can be found in churches, synagogues, schools, and other commercial and public buildings in Canada, the US, and Europe.
Gazell Macy DuBois M. Arch, P. Eng, PP-FRAIC, PP-RCA, FAIA (hon) was an American-born Canadian architect who designed several landmark Toronto buildings.
Anna Wagner Keichline was an American architect, inventor, suffragist, and World War I Special Agent from Pennsylvania. She was the first woman to be registered as an architect in Pennsylvania and she was "one of the first women to actually practice architecture professionally". She was awarded seven patents, including one for a notched brick in 1927.
Siamak Hariri, OAA, AAA, AIBC, FRAIC, RCA, Intl. Assoc. AIA is a Canadian architect and a founding partner of Hariri Pontarini Architects, a full-service architectural and interior design practice based in Toronto, Canada.
Lily Inglis (1926-2010) was a Canadian architect born in Milan, Italy and received her education in England. She moved to Canada and joined the Ontario Association of Architects, becoming involved in the preservation of historic buildings in Kingston, Ontario. Inglis was also a member of Royal Institute of British Architects (1953) and Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (1985). She was a partner in Inglis and Downey Architects, Inc. She made a strong name for herself by proving to clients that even as a woman she was able to solve complex issues. This increased her creditability within the architectural field.
The Toronto Heliconian Club is a non-profit association of women involved in the arts and letters based in Toronto, Ontario. It operates out of Heliconian Hall, a historic building located in the Yorkville area of central Toronto. Founded in 1909, the Club still focuses on its original commitment to women supporting and working in the arts.
Marianne McKenna, OC, FRAIC, OAA, OAQ, AIA, RIBA is a Canadian architect and a founding partner of KPMB Architects, a Toronto-based practice established in 1987. She is an invested Officer of The Order of Canada "for her contributions as an architect, designing structures that enrich the public realm". Her projects include the renovation and expansion of The Royal Conservatory TELUS Centre for Performance and Learning and Koerner Hall. McKenna and KPMB were selected by The Brearley School, an independent all-girls school located in New York City, to lead the renovation of its building located on the Upper East Side. Her current projects also include for Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity in Banff, Alberta and an expansion and renovation of historic Massey Hall in Toronto In 2010 she was named one of Canada’s Top 100 Most Powerful Women and in 2014 she was named one of Toronto’s top 50 Powerful People by MacLean’s Magazine.
Helen Frances Gregor was a Czechoslovakian-Canadian artist who specialised in textile art.
Alexandra Biriukova was a Canadian architect and nurse. She is known for being the first woman in the Ontario Association of Architects and for her design of Lawren Harris's residence. She was the second woman to register as an architect in Canada.
Eleanore Kendall Pettersen was an American architect. She was one of the first licensed female architects in New Jersey, where she operated a private practice from 1952 to 2002.
Beverly Lorraine Greene, was an American architect. According to architectural editor Dreck Spurlock Wilson, she was "believed to have been the first African-American female licensed as an architect in the United States." She was registered as an architect in Illinois in 1942.
Rebecca L. Binder is an American architect, designer, and educator. She established R. L. Binder FAIA Architects, LLP, in 1979, in Playa del Rey, California. In 1990, Binder was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Her work has received significant recognition, including local, state and national awards. In 2001, the American Institute of Architects California Chapter presented Binder with the California "Firm of the Year" award.
Lennox Grafton was a Canadian architect and one of the first women to be trained as architects in Canada. She completed her undergraduate education in University of Alberta during 1938-1941 and graduated from the architectural program in University of Toronto in 1950. Grafton's early works during the same decade focused on schools, churches, and commercial building. These works were complete while she worked in several of Toronto architectural firms. In 1960 she started her own architectural practice, but had to eventually shutter it due to the lack of available funding to scale the business to acquire larger projects.
Henrietta May Steinmesch was an American architect most notable as a founding member and later the first national president of the Association of Women Architects.
The Association for Women in Architecture + Design is a nonprofit professional association based in Los Angeles, California. The organization aims to support women working in the fields of architecture and design through educational programming, networking, and mentoring. The history the association dates back to a Alpha Alpha Gamma, a collegiate organization established at Washington University in St. Louis.
Elsa Leviseur was a South African architect specializing in landscape and ecology. She practiced in South Africa and later in England and the US. She was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1931. Her mother was Beryl Iris Basson (1897–1970) and her father was doctor Ernest Alfred Leviseur (1890–1976). She married conductor Ernest Fleischmann in 1953 at the age of 22. Motivated by her friends and her keen interest in forestry, she joined architecture and earned a B.Arch. degree at the University of Cape Town School of Architecture in 1954. She started a small office in South Africa and worked on designing hospitals, housing complexes and commercial projects.
Mary Evelyn Wrinch (1877–1969), was a Canadian artist who created miniature paintings, oil paintings, and block prints, sometimes inspired by the Northern Ontario landscape. She pioneered the 'Canadian style', painting landscapes with bold colours of the Algoma, Muskoka and Lake Superior regions, in situ. In her miniature paintings on ivory, she depicted her sitters with freshness and vitality. Her colour block prints are virtuoso examples of the medium.
Mary Imrie was a Canadian architect. She was one of the first women in Canada to establish an architectural firm. She is also considered to be Edmonton's first female architect.
Christina Poznanska Perks, OAA, FRAIC is a Canadian architect known for her contributions to the public sector by managing the design and construction of Canadian Embassies. Throughout her career she has been an advocate for women's rights in the architecture industry. In celebration of the first woman president of the OAA Perks responded with "...Ms. Kirkland has moved from the usual reported role of woman as victim to an active shaper of the future environment. Hurrah!" She currently resides in Toronto, Ontario.
A. Jane Duncombe was born in Whitby, Ontario, Canada. She was a residential designer based in the San Francisco Bay Area some of whose architectural designs can also be found in Illinois and the rest in California. Duncombe studied at the Art Institute of Chicago School of Industrial Design and developed interest in design and architecture through her undergraduate studies. Duncombe was also one of the few female architects who became an apprentice at Frank Lloyd Wright’s Taliesin.
| International | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
