Hitahdut HaIkarim (Hebrew : הִתְאַחֲדוּת האִכָּרים, lit. Farmers Federation) is a settlement movement for private farmers in Israel.
Hitahdut HaMoshavot BeYehuda VeShomron (Hebrew : התאחדות המושבות ביהודה ושומרון, Association of moshavot in Judea and Samaria ) was founded in Yavne'el [ citation needed ] in 1920, making it the oldest agricultural organisation in Israel. [1] In 1927 it was expanded and renamed Hitahdut HaIkarim BeEretz Israel (Hebrew : התאחדות האיכרים בארץ ישראל, lit. Association of the Farmers in the Land of Israel ).[ citation needed ] After Israeli independence it adopted its current name. The organisation was affiliated with the General Zionists,[ citation needed ] and later (as of 1985) with the Liberal Party. [2] It published the weekly Bustenai periodical in conjunction with the General Zionists between 1929 and 1939. [3]
Zionist leader Moshe Smilansky served as its president, [4] whilst Haim Ariav, a General Zionists member of the Knesset, served as its secretary. [5]
Several agricultural communities (moshavim and community settlements) are affiliated with the organisation, including:
Shas is a Haredi religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 under the leadership of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013, it primarily represents the interests of Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Jews.
The Yishuv, HaYishuv HaIvri, or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el were the Jewish residents in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in that region, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were some 630,000 Jews there. The term is still in use to denote the pre-1948 Jewish residents in Palestine, corresponding to the southern part of Ottoman Syria until 1918, OETA South in 1917–1920, and Mandatory Palestine in 1920–1948.
Zikhron Ya'akov is a Moshava (town) in Israel, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Haifa, and part of the Haifa District. It is located at the southern end of the Carmel mountain range overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, near the coastal highway. It was one of the first Moshavot of Halutzim in the country, founded in 1882 by Romanian Jews, who in 1883 received support from Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and renamed their town in honor of his father, James Mayer de Rothschild. In 2022 it had a population of 24,145.
Nahalal is a moshav in northern Israel. Covering 8.5 square kilometers (3.3 sq mi), it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,351.
Israeli coastal plain is the Israeli segment of the Levantine coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea, extending 187 kilometres (116 mi) north to south. It is a geographical region defined morphologically by the sea, in terms of topography and soil, and also in its climate, flora and fauna. It is narrow in the north and broadens considerably towards the south, and is continuous, except the short section where Mount Carmel reaches almost all the way to the sea. The Coastal Plain is bordered to the east by – north to south – the topographically higher regions of the Galilee, the low and flat Jezreel Valley, the Carmel range, the mountains of Samaria, the hill country of Judea known as the Shephelah, and the Negev Mountains in the south. To the north it is separated from the coastal plain of Lebanon by the cliffs of Rosh HaNikra, which jut out into the sea from the Galilee mountains, but to the south it continues into the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula.
Revivim is a kibbutz in the Negev desert in southern Israel. Located around half an hour south of Beersheba, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,106.
Ilaniya is a moshav in northern Israel. Also known as Sejera, after the adjacent Arab village al-Shajara, it was the first Jewish settlement in the Lower Galilee and played an important role in the Jewish settlement of the Galilee from its early years until the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It falls under the jurisdiction of Lower Galilee Regional Council, and had a population of 476 in 2022.
Israel Shochat was a founder of and a key figure in Bar-Giora and Hashomer, two of the precursors of the Israel Defense Forces.
Yonatan is an Israeli settlement and moshav located in the central Golan Heights. Initially a moshav shitufi, it underwent a privatization process to become a community settlement. The settlement is affiliated with the Hapoel HaMizrachi movement, and is under the jurisdiction of Golan Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 860.
A moshava was a form of agricultural Jewish settlement in the region of Palestine, established by the members of the Old Yishuv beginning in the late 1870s and during the first two waves of Jewish Zionist immigration – the First and Second Aliyah.
Kinneret, also known as Moshavat Kinneret to distinguish it from the neighbouring settlement of Kvutzat Kinneret, is a moshava on the southwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Located in the north of the Jordan Valley, 6 kilometers south of Tiberias, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. The village sits at around 185 meters below sea level, and in 2022 it had a population of 700. Kinneret Farm, an experimental training farm, was founded at the same time as the moshava and adjacent to it, as a separate and autonomous project.
Yavne'el is a moshava and local council in the Northern District of Israel. Founded in 1901, it is one of the oldest rural Jewish communities in the country. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2022 it had a population of 4,542. In 2008 the population had been 3,100, with a growth rate of 1.4%.
Tzur Moshe is a moshav in central Israel, in the Central district. Located in the Sharon plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 3,253.
Neve Michael also known as Roglit, is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Adullam region and built upon an eminence in the far south-east end of the Elah Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 883.
Haim Gvati was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. He held several ministerial portfolios, and served as Minister of Agriculture between 1964 and 1974.
Hapoel Hatzair was a Zionist group active in Palestine from 1905 until 1930. It was founded by A.D. Gordon, Yosef Aharonovich, Yosef Sprinzak and followed a non-Marxist, Zionist, socialist agenda. Hapoel Hatzair was a pacifist, anti-militarist group that sought to establish a Jewish foothold in Palestine through manual labor and agricultural settlement.
Haim Ariav was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the General Zionists between 1951 and 1957.
Moshe Smilansky MBE was a pioneer of the First Aliyah, a Zionist leader who advocated “peaceful” coexistence with the Arabs in Mandatory Palestine, a farmer, and a prolific author of fiction and non-fiction literary works.
Kinneret Farm or Kinneret Courtyard was an experimental training farm established in 1908 in Ottoman Palestine by the Palestine Bureau of the Zionist Organization (ZO) led by Arthur Ruppin, at the same time as, and next to Moshavat Kinneret, a moshava-type village. The farm stood in close proximity to the shore of the Sea of Galilee. Until the early 1920s the farm was a hothouse and catalyst for social and economical innovation, which helped mold and create several essential institutions and infrastructure elements of the Yishuv, perpetuated in the State of Israel after 1948: communal settlement forms, women's rights movement, cooperative enterprises, a workers' savings and support bank, public health care system, a national paramilitary organisation. From 1949 on, after the establishment of the State of Israel, the courtyard served different lesser military and civilian purposes, was abandoned, then restored as a heritage site, and it 2007 it was opened as a museum and educational centre.
The Advanced Party, otherwise known as the Advanced Association was a liberal and centrist Zionist political association in Mandatory Palestine founded by several urban liberal Zionists. The party was founded in order to represent the voice of Tel Aviv liberals and Zionists in the election to the Yishuv's Assembly of Representatives in 1920. The party placed sixth in the election, coming in behind their rural General Zionist counterrpart, Hitahdut HaIkarim. The party represents first formal General Zionist political party to be founded, and as one of the earliest political ancestors of the modern-day Likud.