The term Homo economicus, or economic man, is the portrayal of humans as agents who are consistently rational and narrowly self-interested, and who pursue their subjectively defined ends optimally. It is a word play on Homo sapiens, used in some economic theories and in pedagogy.
The historical school of economics was an approach to academic economics and to public administration that emerged in the 19th century in Germany, and held sway there until well into the 20th century. The professors involved compiled massive economic histories of Germany and Europe. Numerous Americans were their students. The school was opposed by theoretical economists. Prominent leaders included Gustav von Schmoller (1838–1917), and Max Weber (1864–1920) in Germany, and Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950) in Austria and the United States.
The English Wikipedia is, with the Simple English Wikipedia, one of two English-language editions of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. It was founded on January 15, 2001, as Wikipedia's first edition, and, as of April 30, 2023, has the most articles of any edition, at 6,649,893. As of April 2023, 10.9% of articles in all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition; this share is down from more than 50% in 2003. The edition's one-billionth edit was made on January 13, 2021.
Fritz Machlup was an Austrian-American economist who was president of the International Economic Association from 1971–1974. He was one of the first economists to examine knowledge as an economic resource, and is credited with popularizing the concept of the information society.
The Oeconomicus by Xenophon is a Socratic dialogue principally about household management and agriculture.
Kurt Dopfer is an Austrian-born Swiss economist, since 1980 Professor at the Department of Economics of University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, chair of international economics and development theory, Co-director of Institute of Economics, member University Senate, Emeritus, researcher of Swiss National Science Foundation. He also served as a visiting professor of economics at the International Christian University, Tokyo, Technical University of Dresden, Economics University of Vienna, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, and as a Commission Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Roland Kirstein is a German economist and professor of Business Administration at the Otto-von-Guericke-University in Magdeburg, Germany.
Hans-Bernd Schäfer is a German economist and a pioneer in the field of law and economics in Germany and Europe.
The Encyclopaedia Aethiopica (EAe) is a basic English-language encyclopaedia for Ethiopian and Eritrean studies. The Encyclopaedia Aethiopica provides information in all fields of the discipline, i.e. anthropology, archaeology, ethnology, history, geography, languages and literatures, art, religion, culture and basic data. Although the main audience is academic, most articles are readable also for non-specialists. The EAe is illustrated with maps and photographs. It employs an in-house form of romanization of Geez, Amharic, and other languages, which varies greatly from standard formats, such as BGN/PCGN: the emperor Menelek II's name, for example, is written as "Mənilək II". Nevertheless, the EAe romanization scheme is used extensively throughout modern Ethiopic scholarship.
The National Library of Economics is the world's largest research infrastructure for economic literature, online as well as offline. The ZBW is a member of the Leibniz Association and has been a foundation under public law since 2007. Several times the ZBW received the international LIBER Award for its innovative work in librarianship. The ZBW allows for access of millions of documents and research on economics, partnering with over 40 research institutions to create a connective Open Access portal and social web of research. Through its EconStor and EconBiz, researchers and students have accessed millions of datasets and thousands of articles. The ZBW also edits two journals: Wirtschaftsdienst and Intereconomics.
Armin Falk is a German economist. He has held a chair at the University of Bonn since 2003.
The Journal of Health Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles about health economics and related fields concerning human health care and medicine. The journal is published six times annually by Elsevier.
European Journal of Cell Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1969 as Cytobiologie. It is published by Elsevier. Since March 2021, the editor in chief is Dr. Miguel Vicente-Manzanares and the Deputy Editor is Dr. rer. nat. Klemens Rottner. The current editorial team took over from the editorial team of Stefan Linder, Manfred Schliwa, and Sabine Werner. The journal covers research on cell biology. Publishing formats include original research articles, reviews, and short communications. Its current impact factor is 6.02.
Wirtschaftsdienst – Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering economic and social policy issues in Germany or affecting Germany. It also publishes topics of the European Union in the fields of trade, econometrics, environment, and monetary policy. The editor-in-chief is Jun.-Prof. Dr. Christian Breuer and it is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal is an official publication of the German National Library of Economics (ZBW). It was established in 1916 and is one of the oldest academic economics journals.
Imre (Emmerich) Menyhay was a Hungarian-Austrian economist, pedagogue, sociologist, and psychologist of economics. His fields of research are pedagogy, economic psychology and economic sociology development. His key works are Management, Business, Ethics - Social Theory and Background by the Application of Economic Sociology, dealing with social theoretical economic sociology, and Homo Oeconomicus And Unfinished Creation - The Analytical Background by Economic Psychology and Its Application, dealing with psychoanalytical economic psychology.
Manfred M. Fischer is an Austrian and German regional scientist, Emeritus Professor of economic geography at the WU-Vienna University of Economics and Business, and Adjunct Professor at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
Anne Sophia-Marie van Aaken is a German lawyer and economist, who is a full professor of law and economics, legal theory, public international law and European law at the University of Hamburg.
Stefan Voigt is a German economist and one of the Directors of the University of Hamburg's Institute of Law and Economics. He is also a Fellow of CESifo in Munich.
Economic ethics is the combination of economics and ethics that unites value judgements from both disciplines to predict, analyze, and model economic phenomena. It encompasses the theoretical ethical prerequisites and foundations of economic systems. This particular school of thought dates back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose Nicomachean Ethics describes the connection between objective economic principles and the consideration of justice. The academic literature on economic ethics is extensive, citing authorities such as natural law and religious law as influences on normative rules in economics. The consideration of moral philosophy, or that of a moral economy, is a point of departure in assessing behavioural economic models. The standard creation, application, and beneficiaries of economic models present a complex trilemma when ethics are considered. These ideas, in conjunction with the fundamental assumption of rationality in economics, create the link between economics and ethics.
Matsya Nyaya is an ancient Indian philosophy which refers to the principle of the Law of Fish. It is described as the fundamental law of nature explained by the proverb of the big fish devouring the smaller fish, hence strong devour the weak. It can be equated to the 'Law of the Jungle'. In simple words, The strong dominates over the weak when there is disorder.
