Honores Friderici or Frederici Honores, (Latin, "the Honours, or Regalia, of Frederic") also called Gloria Frederica or Frederici ("Glory of Frederick") was a constellation created by Johann Bode in 1787 to honor Frederick the Great, the king of Prussia who had died in the previous year. It was between the constellations of Cepheus, Andromeda, Cassiopeia and Cygnus. Its most important stars were Iota, Kappa, Lambda, Omicron, and Psi Andromedae. The constellation is no longer in use.
Johann Bode first introduced the constellation in his 1787 publication Astronomisches Jahrbuch, calling it Friedrichs Ehre, to honour Frederick the Great, who had just died the previous year. He latinized its name to Honores Friderici in his 1801 work Uranographia. [1] He illustrated it as a crown above a sword, pen and olive branch, based on his perception of Frederick as a "hero, sage and peacemaker". [2]
The constellation was taken up by some cartographers and not by others, but was increasingly ignored from the latter half of the 19th century, [2] and is no longer in use. Most of it lies within the borders of modern Andromeda, with parts in Cassiopeia, Cepheus and Pegasus. [1]
Bode incorporated 76 stars into his new constellation, made up of 26 from Andromeda, 9 from Lacerta, 6 from Cepheus, 5 from Pegasus, and 3 from Cassiopeia. [2] The three brightest stars—all of magnitude 4—that lay within its borders are Omicron, Lambda, and Kappa Andromedae. [1] With an apparent magnitude of 3.62, Omicron Andromedae is a multiple star system, the brightest star of which is a blue-white subgiant of spectral type B6 IIIpe and its visible companion a white star of spectral type A2. Each appears to have a close companion, making it a quadruple system. [3] It is approximately 690 light-years from Earth. [4] Lambda Andromedae is a yellow subgiant star of spectral type G8IVk around 1.3 times as massive as the Sun that has used up its core hydrogen and expanded to around 7 times its diameter. [5] It is a spectroscopic binary composed of two stars close together orbiting each other every 20 days, the brighter component a RS Canum Venaticorum variable. [6] Kappa Andromedae is a blue white star of apparent magnitude 4.14, that was found to have a substellar companion by direct imaging in 2012. Initially thought to be a planet, it is now thought to be a brown dwarf around 22 times as massive as Jupiter. [7]
Iota and Psi Andromedae make up the asterism. Shining at magnitude 4.29, Iota Andromedae is a blue-white main sequence star of spectral type B8V around 500 light-years distant from Earth. [4]
Triangulum is a small constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for "triangle", derived from its three brightest stars, which form a long and narrow triangle. Known to the ancient Babylonians and Greeks, Triangulum was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. The celestial cartographers Johann Bayer and John Flamsteed catalogued the constellation's stars, giving six of them Bayer designations.
Tucana is a constellation of stars in the southern sky, named after the toucan, a South American bird. It is one of twelve constellations conceived in the late sixteenth century by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman. Tucana first appeared on a 35-centimetre-diameter (14 in) celestial globe published in 1598 in Amsterdam by Plancius and Jodocus Hondius and was depicted in Johann Bayer's star atlas Uranometria of 1603. French explorer and astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille gave its stars Bayer designations in 1756. The constellations Tucana, Grus, Phoenix and Pavo are collectively known as the "Southern Birds".
Vela is a constellation in the southern sky, which contains the Vela Supercluster. Its name is Latin for the sails of a ship, and it was originally part of a larger constellation, the ship Argo Navis, which was later divided into three parts, the others being Carina and Puppis. With an apparent magnitude of 1.8, its brightest star is the hot blue multiple star Gamma Velorum, one component of which is the brightest Wolf-Rayet star in the sky. Delta and Kappa Velorum, together with Epsilon and Iota Carinae, form the asterism known as the False Cross. 1.95-magnitude Delta is actually a triple or quintuple star system.
Andromeda is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century Greco-Roman astronomer Ptolemy, and one of the 88 modern constellations. Located in the northern celestial hemisphere, it is named for Andromeda, daughter of Cassiopeia, in the Greek myth, who was chained to a rock to be eaten by the sea monster Cetus. Andromeda is most prominent during autumn evenings in the Northern Hemisphere, along with several other constellations named for characters in the Perseus myth. Because of its northern declination, Andromeda is visible only north of 40° south latitude; for observers farther south, it lies below the horizon. It is one of the largest constellations, with an area of 722 square degrees. This is over 1,400 times the size of the full moon, 55% of the size of the largest constellation, Hydra, and over 10 times the size of the smallest constellation, Crux.
Cassiopeia is a constellation and asterism in the northern sky named after the vain queen Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda, in Greek mythology, who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. Cassiopeia was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. It is easily recognizable due to its distinctive 'W' shape, formed by five bright stars.
Perseus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the Greek mythological hero Perseus. It is one of the 48 ancient constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and among the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). It is located near several other constellations named after ancient Greek legends surrounding Perseus, including Andromeda to the west and Cassiopeia to the north. Perseus is also bordered by Aries and Taurus to the south, Auriga to the east, Camelopardalis to the north, and Triangulum to the west. Some star atlases during the early 19th century also depicted Perseus holding the disembodied head of Medusa, whose asterism was named together as Perseus et Caput Medusae; however, this never came into popular usage.
Lacerta is one of the 88 modern constellations defined by the International Astronomical Union. Its name is Latin for lizard. A small, faint constellation, it was defined in 1687 by the astronomer Johannes Hevelius. Its brightest stars form a "W" shape similar to that of Cassiopeia, and it is thus sometimes referred to as 'Little Cassiopeia'. It is located between Cygnus, Cassiopeia and Andromeda on the northern celestial sphere. The northern part lies on the Milky Way.
Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and is one of the 88 constellations recognised today.
Cepheus is a constellation in the far northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.
51 Andromedae, abbreviated 51 And and formally named Nembus, is the 5th brightest star in the northern constellation of Andromeda, very slightly dimmer than the Andromeda Galaxy also being of 4th magnitude. It is an orange K-type giant star with an apparent magnitude of +3.57 and is about 169 light-years from the Earth/solar system. It is traditionally depicted as one of the two northern, far upper ends of the mythological, chained-to-the-rocks princess, the other being binary star system Gamma Andromedae.
Omicron Andromedae is a star system in the constellation Andromeda. It is approximately 692 light years from Earth. The system as a whole is classified as a blue-white B-type giant, with a mean combined apparent magnitude of +3.62.
Lambda Andromedae, Latinized from λ Andromedae, is the Bayer designation for a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. At an estimated distance of approximately 84.6 light-years from Earth, it has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.8. This is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. The system is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +6.8 km/s.
Kappa Andromedae, Latinized from κ Andromedae, is the Bayer designation for a bright star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.1. Based on the star's ranking on the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, it is luminous enough to be visible from the suburbs and from urban outskirts, but not from brightly lit inner city regions. Parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission place it at a distance of approximately 168 light-years from the Sun. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −15 km/s, and there is a high likelihood (86%) that it is a member of the Beta Pictoris moving group. The star has one known companion exoplanet, Kappa Andromedae b.
Iota Andromedae is a single star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It has the Flamsteed designation 17 Andromedae, while Iota Andromedae is the Bayer designation as Latinized from ι Andromedae. This object is visible to the naked eye at night as a faint, blue-white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.29. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located approximately 500 light years distant from the Sun.
36 Andromedae is a visual binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. The designation is from the star catalogue of English astronomer John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.45. An annual parallax shift of 26.33 mas yields a distance estimate of about 124 light years. The system is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −0.8 km/s.
63 Andromedae is an Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable star in the constellation Andromeda. Its variable star designation is PZ Andromedae. With an apparent magnitude of about 5.6, it is bright enough to be seen by naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.53 mas, it is located 382 light years away.
45 Andromedae, abbreviated 45 And, is a double star in the northern constellation Andromeda. 45 Andromedae is the Flamsteed designation. Its combined apparent visual magnitude is 5.80. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 9.57 mas, it is located 341 light years away.
6 Andromedae is an astrometric binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. The designation comes from the star catalogue of John Flamsteed, first published in 1712. Its apparent visual magnitude is 5.91, which is just bright enough to be visible to the naked eye under good seeing conditions. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 34.1 mas as seen from Earth, it is around 96 light years from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −32.4 km/s. The system has a relatively high proper motion, advancing across the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.272 arc seconds per annum.
Xi Cephei is a multiple star system in the constellation of Cepheus. It is approximately 86 light-years from Earth.
XZ Andromedae is a binary star in the constellation Andromeda. Its maximum apparent visual magnitude is 9.91, but drops down to 12.45 every 1.357 days. Its variability matches the behaviour of Algol variable stars.
