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Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there were one billion slum residents and squatters globally. Squatting occurs worldwide and tends to occur when people who are poor and homeless find empty buildings or land to occupy for housing. It has a long history, broken down by country below.
Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east. The capital and largest city is Harare. The second largest city is Bulawayo. A country of roughly 14 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most common.
Harare is the capital and most populous city of Zimbabwe. The city proper has an area of 960.6 km2 (371 mi2) and a population 2,123,132 in the 2012 census and an estimated 3,120,917 in its metropolitan area in 2019. Situated in north-eastern Zimbabwe in the country's Mashonaland region, Harare is a metropolitan province, which also incorporates the municipalities of Chitungwiza and Epworth. The city sits on a plateau at an elevation of 1,483 metres above sea level and its climate falls into the subtropical highland category.
Bulawayo is the second largest city in Zimbabwe, and the largest city in the country's Matabeleland region. The city's population is disputed; the 2012 census listed it at 653,337, while the Bulawayo City Council claimed it to be about 1.2 million. Bulawayo covers an area of about 1,707 square kilometres in the western part of the country, along the Matsheumhlope River. Along with the capital Harare, Bulawayo is one of two cities in Zimbabwe that is also a province.
Ndabaningi Sithole founded the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), a militant organisation that opposed the government of Rhodesia, in July 1963. Sithole was a progeny of a Ndau father and a Ndebele mother. He also worked as a Methodist minister. He spent 10 years in prison after the government banned ZANU. A rift along tribal lines split ZANU in 1975, and he lost the 1980 elections to Robert Mugabe.
Kariba is a town in Mashonaland West province, Zimbabwe, located close to the Kariba Dam at the north-eastern end of Lake Kariba, near the Zambian border. According to the 2012 Population Census, the town had a population of 26,451.
Mabvuku is a suburb east of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe.
Chitungwiza is a dormitory town in Zimbabwe.
Operation Murambatsvina, also officially known as Operation Restore Order, was a large-scale Zimbabwean government campaign to forcibly clear slum areas across the country. The campaign started in 2005 and according to United Nations estimates has affected at least 700,000 people directly through loss of their homes or livelihood and thus could have indirectly affected around 2.4 million people. Robert Mugabe and other government officials characterised the operation as a crackdown against illegal housing and commercial activities, and as an effort to reduce the risk of the spread of infectious disease in these areas.
Killarney is a suburb of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It is named after the town of Killarney in Co. Kerry in southwest Ireland. It includes a squatted informal settlement also called Killarney.
The following lists events that happened during 2005 in the Republic of Zimbabwe.
Mbare is a suburb in the south of Harare, Zimbabwe. Founded in 1907 as a township, it includes an informal settlement. Mbare Musika is the largest farm produce market in Zimbabwe.
Waterfalls is the name of a low density residential suburb in the south of Harare, Zimbabwe. By the mid-2010s, the number of people squatting in informal settlements was growing. In 2013, the biggest squatter settlement in Harare was Hopley, next to Waterfalls. It had over 10,000 people, who had mostly been displaced by Operation Murambatsvina.
Mount Pleasant is a residential suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe, located in the northern part of the city. Originally a farm, the area was developed for housing in the early 20th-century and was a white suburb until Zimbabwe's independence in 1980. Today, Mount Pleasant is a multiracial community and is one of Harare's more affluent suburbs.
Epworth is a dormitory town in south-eastern Harare Province, Zimbabwe. Its population exploded in the late 1970s and 1980s as an informal settlement.
United States–Zimbabwe relations are bilateral relations between Zimbabwe and the United States.
Dzivarasekwa is a suburb of western Harare, Zimbabwe.
Borrowdale is a residential suburb in the north of Harare, Zimbabwe, which ranks among the most affluent and prestigious residential areas in the country. It forms part of the Northeast suburbs of the city of Harare, with a population of 20,312 as of the Zimbabwe 2012 Census.
Traditional leaders play a great role in Zimbabwean communities, culture and families. These leaders are put in position by the government of Zimbabwe to work with the people.
Squatting in Zimbabwe is the settlement of land or buildings without the permission of the owner. Squatting began under colonialism. After Zimbabwe was created in 1980, peasant farmers and squatters disputed the distribution of land. Informal settlements have developed on the periphery of cities such as Chitungwiza and the capital Harare. In 2005, Operation Murambatsvina evicted an estimated 700,000 people.
References
- 1 2 3 Mujuru, Linda (7 May 2018). "Zimbabwe Officials Are Trying to Fix This Settlement, but the Problems Run Deep". Global Press Journal. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- 1 2 Matamanda, Abraham R. (December 2020). "Living in an Emerging Settlement: the Story of Hopley Farm Settlement, Harare Zimbabwe". Urban Forum. 31 (4): 473–487. doi: 10.1007/s12132-020-09394-5 .
- ↑ Hughes, Katherine (1 January 2007). "Operation "Drive Out the Trash": The Case for Imposing Targeted United Nations Sanctions Against Zimbabwean Officials". Fordham Law Review. 76 (1): 323.
- ↑ Gouverneur, David (2015). Planning and design for future informal settlements : shaping the self-constructed city. London. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-415-73789-0.
- ↑ "Residents Fetch Water From Graveyard Well". New Zimbabwe. 25 October 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2021.