Human adenovirus 41 | |
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Virus classification ![]() | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Varidnaviria |
Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
Phylum: | Preplasmiviricota |
Class: | Pharingeaviricetes |
Order: | Rowavirales |
Family: | Adenoviridae |
Genus: | Mastadenovirus |
Species: | |
Virus: | Human adenovirus 41 |
Human adenovirus 41(HAdV-F41), is an enteric adenovirus, a nonenveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. [1]
It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis, with symptoms similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus. [2] It may be present in the gut without causing symptoms and can be detected by using molecular based assays and enzyme immunoassay. [2] [3] As of August 2022, human adenovirus 41 has been identified in a majority of small children with hepatitis of unknown cause in 2 case series.
Human adenovirus 41 belongs to the Adenoviridae family, and along with Human adenovirus 40, is a member of species Mastadenovirus faecale. [4] [5] [6]
It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis in very young children. [3] Symptoms appear similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus. [2] It may be present in the gut without causing symptoms. [3]
In an investigation of 5 children with an inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) of unknown cause at Birmingham, Alabama in October 2021, all turned out to have human adenovirus 41. [7] In August 2022, 9 children in a U.S. case series of hepatitis of unknown cause [8] and 27 of 30 children in a U.K. case series with hepatitis of unknown cause who underwent molecular testing [9] tested positive for human adenovirus type 41 in a sample. It was unclear whether human adenovirus 41 was the cause, however.[ citation needed ]
It cannot be detected using traditional cell culture isolation, [3] but can be detected by using molecular based assays and enzyme immunoassay. [2]
Globally it is a significant cause of gastroenteritis, particularly in low and middle income countries, [5] [10] but less common than rotavirus and norovirus. [11] How frequently it occurs in sewage and drinking water is not known. [3] Type 40 is less common. [10]
It was first identified in 1983. [12]