| Hwagwan | |
 Hwagwan worn by a bride | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 화관 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | hwagwan |
| McCune–Reischauer | hwakwan |
Hwagwan is a type of Korean coronet worn by women,traditionally for ceremonial occasions such as weddings. It is similar to the jokduri in shape and function,but the hwagan is more elaborate. [1] [2] [3] [4]
The hwagwan is slightly larger than 'jokduri' and served to emphasize beauty by decorating gold,bichui and pearls on cloth. [5]
The hanbok is a traditional clothing of the Korean people. The term hanbok is primarily used by South Koreans;North Koreans refer to the clothes as chosŏn-ot (조선옷). The clothes are also worn in the Korean diaspora,especially by Koreans in China.
An ayam (아얌) is a Korean traditional winter cap mostly worn by women in the Joseon period for protection against the cold. It is also called aegeom which literally means "covering a forehead" in Korean. There is a historical record which mentions that officials in a low class called iseo wore ayam in the early Joseon period,so it was a unisex cap. However,it is not clear whether the shape at that time was identical to that of the later period. During the late Joseon period,an ayam was usually worn by female commoners. Especially in the western part of Korea,kisaeng commonly wore an ayam,and they were also worn as a simple formal headgear.
A jokduri is a type of traditional Korean coronet worn by women for special occasions such as weddings. Also known as a jokdu or jokgwan,it consists of an outer crown covered with black silk,and an inner which is filled with cotton and hard paper. Its top is decorated with cloisonnéornaments. The upper part is vaguely hexagonal and the bottom is cylindrical. The form of the jokduri gets narrower towards its base.
Hwarot is a type of traditional Korean clothing worn during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty by only royal women for ceremonial occasions and later by commoners for weddings. It is still worn during the p'yebaek phase of modern weddings. Before commoners wore hwarots,they wore wonsam due to the steep cost of a hwarot. The gown is typically worn with a jokduri or hwagwan,binyeo or daenggi,and yeongigonji,which is red and black makeup spots on the cheek and brow.
A gulle is a type of sseugae (쓰개),Korean traditional headgear,worn by children aged one year to five years old during the late Joseon period. It was mostly worn by young girls in the upper class for warmth and style. Gullae was usually made with silk and in summer,it was made with sa,a type of silk loosely woven.
Fujin is a type of guanmao (冠帽),a male traditional headgear generally made from a black fabric in China and Korea. The fujin is a form of hood made on one width of cloth,from which its Chinese name derived from. It was usually worn with Shenyi in the Ming Dynasty. The fujin was later adopted in Joseon where it became known as bokgeon and became known as the 'hat of the Confucian scholars'. The fujin also influenced the development of other headwear such as the futou.
Tanggeon is a type of Korean traditional headgear worn by men,which is put under a gat. It is usually made of dyed horsehair or cow hair. Artisans who specialize in making tanggeon are called tanggeonjang.
A jobawi is a type of traditional Korean winter cap with earflaps which was worn by women and was made of silk. Since its first appearance in the late Joseon period,it has been widely worn as a substitute for the ayam. Although the jobawi was worn by the upper class as well as by commoners,it was mostly used by the yangban aristocracy of that time as a decorative headgear when they went out. In addition,the jobawi was worn not only as formal headgear,but also for special occasions. Even though a wearer was not in formal attire,if she wore a jobawi,the overall outfit could be considered as simple formal clothing.
A nambawi is a type of traditional Korean winter hat worn by both men and women during the Joseon period for protection against the cold. The other names for it are pungdengi and nani. The nambawi is also called ieom which was worn in the early Joseon period,although it was derived from the cap. It was originally worn by the upper class as a daily hat,but spread to commoners and women in the later period. It was usually worn by middle-aged women and old people as well as by government officers who put it under the samo.
A pungcha is a type of traditional Korean winter hat worn by both men and women during the Joseon period for protection against the cold. It is also called pungchae and jeongpungcha. Although its shape is very similar with nambawi,the pungcha has a bolkki (볼끼) attached on both sides of the ears. It was originally worn by males of yangban,the upper class but became to spread to commoners including women.
A hogeon is a type of gwanmo (관모),Korean traditional headgear for young boys aged one year to five years old. It was worn along with durumagi (overcoat) or jeonbok. Hogeon was worn on holidays such as Seollal,Chuseok,or celebrations for their birthdays like doljanchi. The shape and material are almost similar to bokgeon except a tiger pattern embroidered on hogeon. The outer is made of a black silk while the inner is dark blue silk. The tiger pattern was embroidered on the surface as reflecting parents' wish for their children to grow brave. The shapes of a tiger's eyebrow,eyes,whiskers,teeth and ears are decorated on the forehead of the hogeon. The ears was made with black and red fabrics. Strings attached to the end of the forehead part is able to tie the headgear to its back. Along with the tiger pattern,geumbak of some of Hanja that had good and auspicious meaning are adorned with the hogeon to bless the wearer. It was worn by young boys until they reached to the age of five or six years old.
The saekdongot is a type of hanbok,Korean traditional clothing,with colorful stripes by patchworking. It began to be used for hanbok since the Goryeo period. The name literally means "many colored (saekdong) clothes (ot)" in Korean. Saekdong reminds one of the rainbow,which in turn evokes thoughts of children's pure dreams. It was usually worn by children from the age of one to seven year old. Such appliances of saekdong has been used throughout hanbok such as jeogori,magoja,durumagi and among other garments.
Jeogori is a basic upper garment of the hanbok,a traditional Korean garment,which has been worn by both men and women. Men usually wear the jeogori with a baji or pants while women wear the jeogori with chima,or skirts. It covers the arms and upper part of the wearer's body.
Kkachi durumagi is a children's colorful overcoat in hanbok,traditional Korean clothing,which was worn on Seollal,New Year's Day in the Lunar calendar. It was worn mostly by young boys and literally means "a magpie's overcoat". The garment is also called obangjang durumagi which denotes "an overcoat of five directions". It was worn over jeogori and jokki while the wearer could put jeonbok over it. Kkachi durumagi was also worn along with headgear such as bokgeon,hogeon for young boys or gulle for young girls.
Dangui,also called dang-jeogori,dang-jeoksam,dang-hansam,danggoui,and samja,is a type of jeogori for women in hanbok,the Korean traditional clothing,which was worn for ceremonial occasions in the palace during the Joseon dynasty. It was typically a garment item reserved for the upper class and commoners of this period would rarely see anyone in this garment. It was worn as a simple official outfit or for small national ceremonies while court ladies wore it as a daily garment.
Chima is a generic term for the skirt worn together with jeogori,or a short jacket in hanbok,Korean traditional clothing. It is also referred to as sang or gun in hanja in the Korean language.
Norigae is a typical,traditional Korean accessory used in Hanbok,which can be hung on goreum of a woman's jeogori or on her chima. The norigae functions as a decorative pendant and is both a good-luck charm hoped to bring something such as eternal youth,wealth or many sons,as well as a fashion accessory. Usually,the norigae from the parents' or in-laws' home was passed down to descendants.
Cheopji (hangul:첩지 ;hanja:疊紙) is a Korean hair accessory decorating the chignon of ladies. Functional features of cheopji was to display social status based on materials used,and to hold jokduri in place when wearing a ceremonial dress. It is usually made of silver,and a frog-shape is its common form. The use of cheopji began after Baljaegaeheok proclaimed by Yeongjo of Joseon. It was used routinely at court,but ordinary people were to use this only when they wear a ceremonial dress.
Jeongjagwan is a type of gwanmo. It is a traditional men's hat in Hanfu and Hanbok. It was first seen in the Five Dynasties at the latest. In the Song Dynasty,two notable Confucian scholars,Cheng Yi (程颐) and Cheng Hao (程灏),often wore this kind of hat,so they were also known as Cheng hats (程子冠). The system of Jeongjagwan is slightly modified following the barrel-shaped Dongpo hat of the Song Dynasty. It is mainly woven with horsetail hair,and it was a hat worn by men from the yangban,the upper class of the Joseon period. It was mostly worn at home as a daily headgear instead of a gat,a formal headgear. Jeongjagwan is made with horse hair.
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