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An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. Depth contours, shoreline configurations, and interactions with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. Ocean currents are primarily horizontal water movements.
In oceanography, a gyre is any large system of circulating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity, horizontal friction and vertical friction determine the circulatory patterns from the wind stress curl (torque).
The North Atlantic Gyre of the Atlantic Ocean is one of five great oceanic gyres. It is a circular ocean current, with offshoot eddies and sub-gyres, across the North Atlantic from the Intertropical Convergence Zone to the part south of Iceland, and from the east coasts of North America to the west coasts of Europe and Africa.
The North Pacific Gyre (NPG) or North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), located in the northern Pacific Ocean, is one of the five major oceanic gyres. This gyre covers most of the northern Pacific Ocean. It is the largest ecosystem on Earth, located between the equator and 50° N latitude, and comprising 20 million square kilometers. The gyre has a clockwise circular pattern and is formed by four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. It is the site of an unusually intense collection of human-created marine debris, known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.
The Southern Pacific Gyre is part of the Earth's system of rotating ocean currents, bounded by the Equator to the north, Australia to the west, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the south, and South America to the east. The center of the South Pacific Gyre is the oceanic pole of inaccessibility, the site on Earth farthest from any continents and productive ocean regions and is regarded as Earth's largest oceanic desert. With an area of 37 million square kilometres it makes up ~10 % of the Earth's ocean surface. The gyre, as with Earth's other four gyres, contains an area with elevated concentrations of pelagic plastics, chemical sludge, and other debris known as the South Pacific garbage patch.
Nocardioides pacificus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from deep sub-seafloor sediments from the South Pacific Gyre.
Aquimarina longa is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.
Aquimarina megaterium is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.
Aquimarina pacifica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre from the Pacific Ocean.
Luteococcus sediminum is a Gram-positive and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Luteococcus which has been isolated from deep subseafloor sediments from the South Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean.
Bacterioplanoides is a bacteria genus from the family of Oceanospirillaceae with one known species.
Bacterioplanoides pacificum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Bacterioplanoides with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from the South Pacific Gyre.
Plesiocystis pacifica is a species of marine myxobacteria. Like other members of this order, P. pacifica is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that can move by gliding and can form aggregates of cells called fruiting bodies. The species was first described in 2003, based on two strains isolated from samples collected from the Pacific coast of Japan.
Marinicella pacifica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Marinicella which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre from the Pacific Ocean.
Roseivirga pacifica is a Gram-negative, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from seawater from a depth of 2672 m from the Pacific Ocean.
Marinicauda pacifica is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Marinicauda which has been isolated from deep seawater.
Oceanobacillus pacificus is a gram positive, rod shaped, halophilic bacteria of the family Bacillaceae. Oceanobacillus pacificus species was isolated from deep-sea sediment core of the South Pacific Gyre and from marine sponge of Saint Martin's island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The type strain is XH204T.
Enterovibrio pacificus is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterium species from the genus of Enterovibrio which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.
Hyunsoonleella rubra is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hyunsoonleella which has been isolated from marine sediments from the coast of Weihai.
References
- 1 2 "Species: Hyunsoonleella pacifica". lpsn.dsmz.de.
- 1 2 Gao, Xin; Zhang, Zenghu; Dai, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Xiao-Hua (1 April 2015). "Hyunsoonleella pacifica sp. nov., isolated from seawater of South Pacific Gyre". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (Pt_4): 1155–1159. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.000071 .
- ↑ "Hyunsoonleella pacifica". www.uniprot.org.