The referee is the person responsible for enforcing the Laws of the Game (LOTG) during an association football match. He or she is the final decision-making authority on all facts connected with play, and is the only official on the pitch with the authority to start and stop play and impose disciplinary action against players during a match. At most levels of play the referee is assisted by two assistant referees, who are empowered to advise the referee in certain situations such as the ball leaving play or infringements of the Laws of the Game occurring out of the view of the referee; however, the assistant referees' decisions are not binding and the referee has authority to overrule an assistant referee. At higher levels of play the referee may also be assisted by a fourth official who supervises the teams' technical areas and assists the referee with administrative tasks, and, at the very highest levels, additional assistant referees and/or video assistant referees.
The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organised by FIFA. It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014, after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007. It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition, the first being in 1950, and the fifth time that it was held in South America. Many fans and pundits alike also consider this edition of the World Cup to be one of the greatest ever held.
Stephen Paul Martin is a former Australian politician, senior academic and rugby league referee. He served as an Australian Labor Party (ALP) member of the Australian House of Representatives for the seat of Macarthur, south west of Sydney, from 1984–1993; and, following redistribution, represented Cunningham from 1993 until his resignation in 2002. Martin was the Chief Executive of the Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) from January 2011 until his retirement in April 2017.
The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16 to 19 year olds. The programme provides an internationally accepted qualification for entry into higher education and is recognized by many universities worldwide. It was developed in the early to mid-1960s in Geneva, Switzerland, by a group of international educators. After a six-year pilot programme that ended in 1975, a bilingual diploma was established.
Argentina's participation in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, marked the eighth Olympic performance officially organized by the Argentine Olympic Committee. The delegation consisted of 91 athletes, all of whom were men, something which had not happened since the 1932 Games in Los Angeles and which has not happened since. Ironically, the flag bearer, a woman named Cristina Hardekopf, was a diver but was not included in the delegation as a participating athlete. However, Jorge Somlay, a rower, participated as Argentina’s youngest Olympic competitor at only 13 years old.
Marius Jonker is a South Africa rugby union Television Match official and former referee. He refereed at the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, and regularly took charge of Super Rugby and Currie Cup matches. He also acted as a Television Match official at the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan.
Zeme Naga is a Naga tribe from northeastern parts of India. They mostly resides in the three states is Assam, Manipur and Nagaland.
In association football, an assistant referee is an official empowered with assisting the referee in enforcing the Laws of the Game during a match. Although assistants are not required under the Laws, at most organised levels of football the match officiating crew consists of the referee and at least two assistant referees. The responsibilities of the various assistant referees are listed in Law 6, "The Other Match Officials". In the current Laws the term "assistant referee" technically refers only to the two officials who generally patrol the touchlines, with the wider range of assistants to the referee given other titles.
Peter Sippel is a former German football referee who is based in Munich. He refereed for FC Würzburger Kickers of the Bavarian Football Association.
The Referee's Badge of Honour is awarded at three levels: bronze, silver and gold.
The 2009 Mediterranean Games football tournament was the 16th edition of the Mediterranean Games men's football tournament. The football tournament was held in Pescara, Italy between 25 June and 5 July 2009 as part of the 2009 Mediterranean Games and was contested by 12 teams, all countries were represented by the U-23 teams. Spain won the gold medal.
Mariam Stepanyan is an Armenian professional footballer. She currently plays for Armenia women's national football team. Before she started to play football she was on the Armenian National woman's Team of Handball. She started to play football for FC Banants. She won the Armenian league champion twice with FC Banants, and twice with Yerevan FC G.M and got best defenders title of the season. For several years she played with friends Kristine Mangasaryan and Gayane Kostanyan on the national team.
The KNVB Academy is the Educational Department of the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB). The KNVB Academy was founded in 1996 to concentrate all educational programs for Dutch football in one body, and is headquartered at Zeist. The operations of the KNVB Academy are focused on development of coaches, referees and administrators in The Netherlands. Dutch coaching diplomas are UEFA approved.
Dr. Mohamed Riad Ibrahim is a taekwondo international referee who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
Harm Osmers is a German football referee who is based in Hanover. He referees for SV Baden of the Lower Saxony Football Association.
John Lacey is a former Ireland A and Ireland Sevens rugby union international and current rugby union referee. As a player, Lacey spent most of career with Shannon in the All-Ireland League. He also represented Munster. As an international referee he has taken charge of matches in the Six Nations Championship, the Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup. He also refereed the 2013 Pro12 Grand Final and the 2015–16 and 2016–17 European Rugby Challenge Cup finals.
A high school diploma is a North American academic school leaving qualification awarded upon high school graduation. The high school diploma is typically studied for over the course of three to four years, from grade 9 to grade 12. The diploma is typically awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government. Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction, and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation. Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination.
Sascha Stegemann is a German football referee who is based in Niederkassel. He referees for 1. FC Niederkassel of the Middle Rhine Football Association.
Joseph Obinna Ogba is a Nigerian politician. He is the senator representing Ebonyi Central senatorial district in the Nigerian Senate. He is a senator of the 8th republic of the National Assembly in Nigeria and also senator-elect in the 9th republic of the National Assembly.
