"Iblees Ki Majlis-e-Shura" (English: The Parliament of Satan) is an Urdu poem written by Muhammad Iqbal in 1936. It describes the meeting of the Devil and his advisers, and they discuss the current situation of the world. It was described as "a scathing criticism of the major socio-political and economic systems offered by the West." [1]
The poem is written as a meeting between Iblees (the first of the Devils, or Satans in Islam) and his five advisers. The first chapter starts with the Devil describing his accomplishments in taking over the world. His five advisers then discuss certain threats they conceive to the Devil's plans, which were explained as various aspects of the Western society such as capitalism, the rise of democracy and on the other hand socialism. The Devil completes the chapter by dismissing his advisers' concerns one by one. He completes the poem by speculating on a final threat, which he sees as most critical, the resurgence of Islam. [1] The parliament of Satan is written by Muhammad Iqbal in 1936.It describes the meeting of the Devil and his advisers,they discuss the current situation of the world.. Detailed Summary: The poem begins with Iblis boasting about his role in inspiring imperialism in Europe and instilling the pursuit of capitalism in the wealthy, while teaching the destitute to believe in destiny. He claims to have broken the spell of religious institutions like mosques, temples, and churches. Iblis's first advisor praises the stability of the "Satanic system" and how it has reinforced slavishness among the common people, who have been ordained to prostration since the dawn of time. The advisor argues that their efforts have made even mystics and priests subject to imperialism. The second advisor questions the clamor for "Government by the people," but the first advisor dismisses it as a mere masquerade for imperialism. They argue that imperialism doesn't depend on individual leaders but on the desire to covet others' harvests. The third advisor raises concerns about a certain "Jew" (possibly a reference to Karl Marx or socialist/communist ideology) who possesses a penetrating vision and threatens the established order. Other advisors discuss how they have inspired the descendants of Caesar with the dream of empire and how European politics have been exposed. Iblis declares his absolute command over the world and boasts that he can incite madness in the leaders of politics and the church. He dismisses the socialists as a minor threat but warns of the potential menace from the Islamic community, which still retains a spark of ambition. Iblis acknowledges that the Islamic community is no longer the bearer of the Quran and has embraced capitalism instead. However, he expresses apprehension about the potential revival of Islamic law (Shari'ah), which he views as a threat to slavery, monarchs, and the concentration of wealth. Iblis advises keeping the Islamic law hidden from the world and ensuring that believers remain entangled in metaphysical debates and interpretations of religious texts. He fears the awakening of the Islamic community, whose religion is about understanding the universe.(Sareer ul Hassan)
The poem has been translated to English by Abdussalam Puthige titled The Devil’s Advisory Council: Iblees ki Majlis-e-Shoora [2]
A devil is the mythical personification of evil as it is conceived in various cultures and religious traditions. It is seen as the objectification of a hostile and destructive force. Jeffrey Burton Russell states that the different conceptions of the devil can be summed up as 1) a principle of evil independent from God, 2) an aspect of God, 3) a created being turning evil or 4) a symbol of human evil.
Iblis, alternatively known as Eblīs, is the leader of the devils in Islam. According to the Quran, Iblis was thrown out of heaven after refusing to prostrate himself before Adam. He is often compared to the Christian Satan, since both figures were cast out of heaven according to their respective religious narratives. Similar to Mastema, a satanic figure in the Book of Jubilees, he makes a request to God in order to put mankind to test and receives command over the demons in order to do so. In his role as the master of cosmic illusion in Sufi cosmology, he functions similar to the Buddhist concept of Mara. As such, Iblis embodies the cosmic veil supposedly separating the immanent aspect of God's love from the transcendent aspect of God's wrath. He entangles the unworthy in the material web hiding the underlying all-pervading spiritual reality.
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