Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī, commonly known as Ibn Ḥazm, was an Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, traditionist, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Córdoban Caliphate, present-day Spain. Described as one of the strictest narration interpreters, Ibn Hazm was a leading proponent and codifier of the Zahiri school of Islamic jurisprudence, and produced a reported 400 works, of which only 40 still survive. In all, his written works amounted to some 80,000 pages. Also described as one of the fathers of comparative religion, the Encyclopaedia of Islam refers to him as having been one of the leading thinkers of the Muslim world.
Zad al-Ma'ad Fi Hadyi Khair Al 'Ibaad is a 5-volume book, translated as Provisions of the Hereafter in the Guidance of the Best of Servants, written by the Islamic scholar Ibn al-Qayyim. The word 'Zad' in Arabic is used to refer to the food one would take when embarking on a journey, and the book was written highlighting guidance from the life of Muhammad that Muslims could benefit from in their journey of life. Additionally, Ibn Al Qayyim wrote the book while he was also traveling.
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī, often known as al-Bāqillānī, was an Sunni Arab polymath who specialized in theology, jurisprudence, logic and hadith who spent much of his life defending and strengthening the Ash'ari school of theology within Islam. An accomplished rhetorical stylist and orator, al-Baqillani was held in high regard by his contemporaries for his expertise in debating theological and jurisprudential issues. Al-Dhahabi called him "The Learned Imam, Incomparable Master, Foremost of the Scholars, Author of many books, The Example of Articulateness and Intelligence."
Abū al-Walīd Aḥmad Ibn Zaydouni al-Makhzūmī, or simply known as Ibn Zaydoun or Abenzaidun, was an Arab Andalusian poet of Cordoba and Seville. He was considered the greatest neoclassical poet of al-Andalus.
Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir ibn Ṭāhir bin Muḥammad bin ʿAbd Allāh al-Tamīmī al-Shāfiʿī al-Baghdādī was an Arab Shafi'i scholar, Usul Imam, heresiologist and mathematician.
ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā (1083–1149), was a Maghrebi Sunni polymath and considered the leading scholar in maliki fiqh and hadith in his time. He was a prominent theologian, historian, poet, and genealogist.
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Harith bin Asim al-Lakhmi al-Qurtubi, better known as Ibn Maḍāʾ was an Andalusian Muslim polymath from Córdoba in Islamic Spain. Ibn Mada was notable for having challenged the traditional formation of Arabic grammar and of the common understanding of linguistic governance among Arab grammarians, performing an overhaul first suggested by Al-Jahiz 200 years prior. He is considered the first linguist in history to address the subject of dependency in the grammatical sense in which it is understood today, and was instrumental during the Almohad reforms as chief judge of the Almohad Caliphate.
Abu al-Walid al-Baji was a famous Maliki scholar and poet from Beja, Al-Andalus.
Yūsuf ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Abū ʿUmar al-Namarī al-Andalusī al-Qurṭubī al-Mālikī, commonly known as Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr was an eleventh-century Maliki scholar and Athari theologian who served as the Qadi of Lisbon. He died in December 2, 1071 (aged 93).
Muhammad bin Umar bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abd Allah al-Aqil, better known as Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al-Zahiri, is a Saudi Arabian polymath. He has, at various times, been referred to as a theologian, jurist, historian, ethnographer, geographer, poet, critic and author. As a member of Saudi Arabia's "Golden Generation," he knew of life both during the poverty of the pre-oil boom era and the prosperity of the 1950s onward.
Abu Muhammad Ruwaym bin Ahmad was an early Muslim jurist, ascetic, saint and reciter of the Qur'an. He was one of the second generation of practitioners of Sufism (tasawwuf).
Abu Muhammad Abd Allah bin Muhammad bin Qasim bin Hilal bin Yazid bin 'Imran al-'Absi al-Qaysi was an early Muslim jurist and theologian.
Sa'id al-Afghani was a professor of Arabic language and literature at the University of Damascus. He was regarded as one of the 20th century's leading scholars in both fields.
Abu Abd Allah Mohammed ibn Abdun al-Jabali al-Adadi was a physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus. He is the author of Risala fi al-Taksir, the oldest remaining mathematical text from Al-Andalus. He travelled to the learning centers in the East in the years after 958 C.E. He stayed in Basra and visited al-Fustat, Egypt where he was put in charge of the hospital. Ibn Abdun studied the ideas of Abu Sulayman Sijistani and according to one source he met him personally in Basra. He returned to Cordoba in 971 C.E.. He entered the service of the Caliph al-Mustansir and his son Hisham II al-Mu'ayad. Ibn Abdun was the teacher of Ibn al-Kattani.
Ihsan Abbas was a Palestinian professor at the American University of Beirut, and was considered a premier figure of Arabic and Islamic studies in the East and West during the 20th century. The "author of over one hundred books", during his career, Abbas was renowned as one of the foremost scholars of Arabic language and literature and was a respected literary critic. Upon his death, Abbas was eulogized by University College London historian Lawrence Conrad as a custodian of Arabic heritage and culture, and a figure whose scholarship had dominated the Middle East's intellectual and cultural life for decades.
Ibn Furak or Ibn Faurak ; c. 941–c. 1015 CE / 330–406 AH) was a Sunni Imam, foremost leading Ash'ari theologian and legal theoretician, a specialist of Arabic language, grammar and poetry, an orator, a jurist, and a traditionist from the Shafi'i Madhhab in 10th century.
Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini was a renowned Sunni scholar, jurisconsult, legal theoretician, hadith expert, Qur'anic exegete, theologian and a specialist in the Arabic language. Al-Isfara'ini's scholarship was focused on the sciences of Aqidah, Hadith and Fiqh. He was the foremost leading authority in the Shafi'i school of his time. He was along with Ibn Furak the chief propagator of Sunni Ash'ari theology in Nishapur at the turn of the 5th Islamic century.
Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAlī ibn ʻAbd al-Kāfī al-Subkī, or Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī or simply Ibn al-Subki (1327-1370) was a leading Islamic scholar, a faqīh, a muḥaddith and a historian from the celebrated al-Subkī family of Shāfiʿī ʿulamā, during the Mamluk era.
The Zahiri school or Zahirism is a Sunnī school of Islamic jurisprudence named after the 9th-century scholar Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī, a Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian of the Islamic Golden Age. It is characterized by strict adherence to literalism and reliance on the outward (ẓāhir) meaning of expressions in the Quran and ḥadīth literature; the consensus (ijmāʿ) of the first generation of Muhammad's closest companions (ṣaḥāba), for sources of Islamic law (sharīʿa); and rejection of analogical deduction (qiyās) and societal custom or knowledge (urf), used by other schools of Islamic jurisprudence.
Abū Dharr al-Harawī, ʿAbd b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, also known as Abū Dharr al-Harawī was a reputable Maliki hadith specialist (muhaddith), a pious mystic, and Ash'ari theologian. He was from Herat (Afghanistan), but spent most of his lifetime in Mecca. He is frequently referred to as "Muhaddith of Haramayn" meaning "Hadith Master of the two holy cities, that is, Mecca and Medina.
