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Ido Zelkovitz (born 11 July 1979)[ citation needed ] is an Israeli historian and researcher of the modern Middle East. His research focuses on cross-disciplinary analysis of the Palestinian History and Politics, the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Israel's geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the role of Higher Education and Students in Middle East politics. [1]
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Zelkovitz was born in Haifa. In his youth he played basketball for Hapoel Haifa B.C. He received his PhD in 2011 from The University of Haifa. His doctoral thesis focused on the role of higher education and the shaping of Palestinian national identity and was written under the supervision of Mahmoud Yazbak.
In 2012 he was a post-doctoral research fellow at The Center of Methods in Social Sciences and the Institute of Sociology at the University of Göttingen, Germany, after he won the prestigious Erasmus Mundus Post-doctorate fellowship from the European Union. The grant was used to conduct research on the role of higher education and social networking in a context of politics of survival among the Palestinian community in Kuwait. In 2014 Zelkovitz was the Schusterman Visiting Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. [2] In 2016 he was appointed as a Senior Lecturer and as the Head of the Middle Eastern Studies Program at the Max Stern Yezreel Valley College. [3]
Zelkovitz is a Research Fellow at the Ezri Center for Iran and the Persian Gulf Studies at The University of Haifa. [4] [5] [6] He lectures at the University of Haifa and Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. [4] He is also a Policy Fellow in Mitvim - The Israeli Institute for Regional Foreign Policies, where he writes policy papers mainly aimed for Diplomats and Decision Makers. [4]
In his first book, published in Hebrew, Zelkovitz argues that Fatah is not a secular political movement, but rather a traditional national liberation movement with religious background. Zelkovitz relates to the importance of Islam in the movement's political discourse and its cultural world.[ citation needed ]
In his second book, Zelkovitz explores the Palestinian Student Movement from an historical and sociological perspective. This book demonstrates how Palestinian national identity has been built in the absence of national institutions, whilst emphasizing the role of higher education as an agent of social change, capable of crystallizing patterns of national identity.[ citation needed ]
The book, was the first one that focuses on the political and social activities of Palestinian students in two arenas—the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the Palestinian diaspora in the years 1952-2000. [11] The book investigates the shared goal of the several movements in securing independence and the building a sovereign Palestinian state, comparing their development, social impact and the differing challenges each movement faced.
Zelkovitz writes publicistic and analyst columns and he is a commentator in the global media. He frequently appears as an analyst on Israeli TV news channels on issues related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. [12] [13] [14] Zelkovitz is writing extensively and giving comments on the Palestinian Political system, with an emphasis on the complex relationship between Fatah and Hamas. [15] Zelkovitz columns were translated into Arabic, published and cited in Leading Arabic, Palestinian, [16] and Lebanese Media. [17] Zelkoivtz writing was quoted by political officials in the Palestinian political system such as Izzat al-Rishq from Hamas.
Fatah, formally the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, is a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party. It is the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Mahmoud Abbas, the President of the Palestinian Authority, is the chairman of Fatah.
The Gaza Strip, also known simply as Gaza, is a small territory located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea; it is the smaller of the two Palestinian territories, the other being the West Bank, that make up the State of Palestine. Inhabited by mostly Palestinian refugees and their descendants, Gaza is one of the most densely populated territories in the world. Gaza is bordered by Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the east and north. The territory has been under Israeli occupation since 1967.
The Islamic Resistance Movement, abbreviated Hamas, is a Palestinian nationalist Sunni Islamist political organisation with a military wing called the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades. It has governed the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people in both the Palestinian territories and the diaspora. It is currently represented by the Palestinian Authority based in the West Bank city of Al-Bireh.
The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major uprising by Palestinians against Israel and its occupation. The period of heightened violence in the Palestinian territories and Israel continued until the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005, which ended hostilities.
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The Fatah–Hamas conflict is an ongoing political and strategic conflict between Fatah and Hamas, the two main Palestinian political parties in the Palestinian territories, leading to the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007. The reconciliation process and unification of Hamas and Fatah administrations remains unfinalized and the situation is deemed a frozen conflict.
The history of Hamas is an account of the Palestinian nationalist and Islamist – described by some as fundamentalist – socio-political organization with an associated paramilitary force, the Ezzedeen al-Qassam Brigades. Hamas (حماس) Ḥamās is an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamat al-Islāmiyyah, meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement".
The next legislative elections in Palestine have been repeatedly postponed or cancelled. Most recently it was scheduled for 22 May 2021 according to a decree by President Mahmoud Abbas on 15 January 2021, but was indefinitely postponed on 29 April 2021.
Palestinian fedayeen are militants or guerrillas of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people. Most Palestinians consider the fedayeen to be freedom fighters, while most Israelis consider them to be terrorists.
The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement, referred to as the Hamas Covenant or Hamas Charter, was issued by Hamas on 18 August 1988 and outlines the organization's founding identity, positions, and aims. In 2017, Hamas unveiled a revised charter, without explicitly revoking the 1988 charter.
Shaul Mishal is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Tel Aviv University. Mishal is Head of the Middle Eastern studies Program at IDC Herzliya, researcher of Arab and Palestinian politics who founded and directed the Center for the Study of Arab Society in Israel. Mishal authored and co-authored several books and numerous articles in subjects related to Arab and Islamic political cultures and Palestinian politics.
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The Battle of Gaza, also known as the Gaza civil war, was a brief civil war between Fatah and Hamas that took place in the Gaza Strip from 10 to 15 June 2007. It was a prominent event in the Fatah–Hamas conflict, centered on the struggle for power after Fatah lost the 2006 Palestinian legislative election. The battle resulted in the dissolution of the unity government and the de facto division of the Palestinian territories into two entities: the West Bank governed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and the Gaza Strip governed by Hamas. Hamas fighters took control of the Gaza Strip, while Fatah officials were either taken as prisoners, executed, or expelled. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights reported that at least 161 people were killed and more than 700 were wounded during the fighting.
Ismail Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician who served as chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau from May 2017 until his assassination in July 2024. He also served as prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority from March 2006 until June 2014 and Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip from June 2007 until February 2017, where he was succeeded by Yahya Sinwar.
The Agreement on Movement and Access (AMA) was an agreement between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA) signed on 15 November 2005 aimed at improving Palestinian freedom of movement and economic activity within the Palestinian territories, and open the Rafah Crossing on the Gaza–Egypt border. AMA was described as: ″an agreement on facilitating the movement of people and goods within the Palestinian Territories and on opening an international crossing on the Gaza-Egypt border that will put the Palestinians in control of the entry and exit of people.″ Part of the agreement was the Agreed Principles for Rafah Crossing.
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