Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah (Bengali : ইখতিয়ারউদ্দিন গাজী শাহ, Persian : اختیار الدین غازی شاه; reigned 1349–1352) was an independent sultan of Sonargaon. [1]
Ikhtiyaruddin was the son and successor of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah. During his reign in 1350, he lost Chittagong region to the king of Arakan. He was the second and final ruler of the Mubarak Shahi Dynasty.
In 1352 Ilyas Shah, independent Sultan of Satgaon, who already captured the Lakhnauti Sultanate, attacked Sonargaon. In the battle Ikhtiyaruddin was defeated and killed. Thus for the first time in history, Bengal was unified comprising Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti.
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. According to the 2022 census, Bangladesh had a population of about 150 million Muslims, or 91.04% of its total population of 165 million. Muslims of Bangladesh are predominant native Bengali Muslims. The majority of Bangladeshis are Sunni, and follow the Hanafi school of Fiqh. Bangladesh is a de facto secular country.
Sonargaon is a historic city in central Bangladesh. It corresponds to the Sonargaon Upazila of Narayanganj District in Dhaka Division.
Gauḍa is a historic city of Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and one of the most prominent capitals of classical and medieval India, being the capital city of Bengal under several kingdoms. The Gauḍa region was also a province of several pan-Indian empires. During the seventh century, the Gauda Kingdom was founded by King Shashanka, whose reign corresponds with the beginning of the Bengali calendar. Gour gradually became synonymous with Bengal and Bengalis. It was conquered by Bakhtiyar Khalji, a lieutenant of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghori in 1203.
The Ilyas Shahi dynasty was the first independent dynasty to set the foundations of the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal of Turk origin. Hailing from the Sistan region, their rule extended from 1342 to 1487, though interrupted with an interregna by their slaves as well as the House of Ganesha.
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah was the founder of the Sultanate of Bengal and its inaugural Ilyas Shahi dynasty. The Ilyas Shahi Dynasty ruled Bengal for 145 years (1342–1487), except for a 21-year interregnum by the descendants of Raja Ganesha. Ilyas Shah was instrumental in unifying the principalities of Bengal into a single state.
Abul Mujāhid Sikandar Shāh, commonly known as Sikandar Shah; was the second Sultan of Bengal and the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. He was the son of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah. Sikandar Shah continued to project the imperial ambitions of his father. He defeated the Sultan of Delhi in 1359. His reign is also noted for its grandiose architectural projects.
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, also known simply as Fakhra, was the founder of an independent sultanate and the Mubarak Shahi Dynasty, comprising of modern-day eastern and southeastern Bangladesh. His kingdom was centred in the city of Sonargaon, which emerged as a principal superpower during his reign. He was also the first Muslim ruler to conquest Chittagong, the principal port of Bengal region in 1340 AD.
Alī Mubārak, better known by his regnal title `Alā ad-Dīn `Alī Shāh was an independent Sultan of Lakhnauti in Bengal. He was the foster brother of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, the eventual founder of the Bengal Sultanate.
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah I was the son and successor of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Bengal kingdom of Lakhnauti. He ruled the kingdom as an independent ruler during 1322–1324 CE and as a governor during 1324–1328 CE.
Rukunuddin Kaikaus was an independent Sultan of Bengal who ruled from 1291 to 1300 CE. He succeeded his father Nasiruddin Bughra Khan. In several inscriptions and coins he styled himself as Sultan bin al-Sultan bin al-Sultan and also Sultan-us-Salatin.
Shamsuddin Firuz Shah was the independent ruler of the Lakhnauti Kingdom. He ascended the throne with the title of Al-Sultan Al-Azam Shams Al-Duniya wa Al-Din Abu Al-Muzaffar Firuz Shah Al-Sultan and invoked the name of the Abbaside Caliph Mustasim Billah in his coins.
Tughral Tughan Khan, later known as Mughith ad-Din Tughral, was an officer of the Delhi Sultanate. He was the governor of Bengal during 1236-1246 CE and again during 1272-1281 CE.
Ruknuddīn Bārbak Shāh was the son and successor of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah. Initially appointed as the governor of Satgaon during the reign of his father, Barbak ascended the throne of the Bengal Sultanate in 1459. He was the first ruler to give prominent roles in the Sultanate's administration to the Abyssinian community. Historian Aniruddha Ray credits Barbak Shah as the pioneer of urbanisation in Bengal.
Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah was the Sultan of Bengal from 1561 to 1563. He was the brother and successor of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II.
The Bengal Sultanate was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region in the eastern South Asia between the 14th and 16th century. It was the dominant power of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, with a network of mint towns spread across the region. The Bengal Sultanate had a circle of vassal states in the Indian subcontinent, including parts of Odisha in the southwest, Arakan in the southeast, and Tripura in the east.
The Hussain Shahi dynasty was a family which ruled the late medieval Sunni Muslim Sultanate of Bengal from 1494 to 1538.
Bahram Khan was the governor of Sonargaon, East Bengal, from 1328 until 1337. He was a general of Delhi Sultanate. He was also appointed the governor of Satgaon during 1324–1328.
Sikandar Khān Ghāzī was the first wazir of Srihat under the Lakhnauti Kingdom ruled by Shamsuddin Firuz Shah. Prior to this, Khan was one of the commanders of the Battles of Gour during the Conquest of Sylhet in 1303. Early Persian manuscripts and inscriptions relating to Shah Jalal name Sikandar Khan Ghazi as well, highlighting his role as a commander in the battles.
The Greater Jessore region predominantly includes the districts of Jessore, Jhenaidah, Narail and Magura in Bangladesh, as well as the Bangaon subdivision of India. Nestled close to the Sundarbans, the region experienced human settlement early on. It served as the capital city of the Samatata realm and passed through several Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms such as the Palas and Senas. Jessore was ruled by Khan Jahan Ali of Khalifatabad, under the Muslim Sultanate of Bengal, who is credited with establishing the Qasbah of Murali and urbanising the region through advancements in transportation and civilization. Jessore later came to be ruled by various kings such as Pratapaditya and became familiar to contemporary European travellers as Chandecan before being annexed to the Mughal Empire in the seventeenth century. By 1757, the British East India Company had dominated and started to establish themselves in the region. British rule lasted up until 1947, with Jessore coming under the Provisional Government of Bangladesh from 1971 onwards.
The Mubarak Shahi Dynasty was a short lived but detrimental dynasty that emerged out of Bengal and gained independence from the Delhi Sultanate. It was the ruling dynasty of the Sonargaon Sultanate. Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, was the founder and longest ruler of the Sonargaon Sultanate. The dynasty originated from Noakhali, Bangladesh and it eventually met its end with the unification of Bengal under the Bengal Sultanate and Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah's conquest of Sonargaon.