Immunophysics

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Immunophysics is a novel interdisciplinary research field using immunological, biological, physical and chemical approaches to elucidate and modify immune-mediated mechanisms and to expand our knowledge on the pathomechanisms of chronic immune-mediated diseases such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and chronic infections.

Contents

Background

Immune reactions are tightly regulated and usually self-limited. [1] [2] Dysregulation can result in chronic inflammatory diseases (immunochronicity). In addition to biochemical molecular mechanisms, physical factors influence the immune system. Such components include:

The research field of immunophysics aims to investigate the influence of these physicochemical parameters on the function of the immune system in health and disease.

Methods

Immunophysical techniques include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy computed tomography, [13] fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), high-throughput microfluidic cytometry, [14] interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) and cryogenic optical localization in 3D (COLD).

Applications

Immunophysical research is considered to open new perspectives for the investigation of the pathomechanisms of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, help to develop novel detection methods and diagnostic tools in these diseases and advance the treatment possibilities of such diseases.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Murphy and Weaver, Kenneth and Casey (2016). Janeway's Immunobiology textbook. Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN   978-0-8153-4551-0.
  2. ↑ Nathan, Carl (2002). "Points of control in inflammation". Nature. 420 (6917): 846–852. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..846N. doi:10.1038/nature01320. PMID   12490957. S2CID   4426546.
  3. ↑ Kellum, John A.; Song, Mingchen; Li, Jinyou (2004-01-01). "Science review: Extracellular acidosis and the immune response: clinical and physiologic implications". Critical Care. 8 (5): 331–6. doi: 10.1186/cc2900 . ISSN   1364-8535. PMC   1065014 . PMID   15469594.
  4. ↑ Bogdan, Christian (2015-03-01). "Nitric oxide synthase in innate and adaptive immunity: an update". Trends in Immunology. 36 (3): 161–178. doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.01.003. ISSN   1471-4906. PMID   25687683.
  5. ↑ Nathan, Carl; Cunningham-Bussel, Amy (2013). "Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist's guide to reactive oxygen species". Nature Reviews Immunology. 13 (5): 349–361. doi:10.1038/nri3423. PMC   4250048 . PMID   23618831.
  6. ↑ Machnik, Agnes; Neuhofer, Wolfgang; Jantsch, Jonathan; Dahlmann, Anke; Tammela, Tuomas; Machura, Katharina; Park, Joon-Keun; Beck, Franz-Xaver; Müller, Dominik N (2009). "Macrophages regulate salt-dependent volume and blood pressure by a vascular endothelial growth factor-C–dependent buffering mechanism". Nature Medicine. 15 (5): 545–552. doi:10.1038/nm.1960. PMID   19412173. S2CID   10526891.
  7. ↑ Jantsch, Jonathan; Schatz, Valentin; Friedrich, Diana; Schröder, Agnes; Kopp, Christoph; Siegert, Isabel; Maronna, Andreas; Wendelborn, David; Linz, Peter (2015-03-03). "Cutaneous Na+ Storage Strengthens the Antimicrobial Barrier Function of the Skin and Boosts Macrophage-Driven Host Defense". Cell Metabolism. 21 (3): 493–501. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003. ISSN   1550-4131. PMC   4350016 . PMID   25738463.
  8. ↑ Kleinewietfeld, Markus; Manzel, Arndt; Titze, Jens; Kvakan, Heda; Yosef, Nir; Linker, Ralf A.; Muller, Dominik N.; Hafler, David A. (2013). "Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells". Nature. 496 (7446): 518–522. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..518K. doi:10.1038/nature11868. PMC   3746493 . PMID   23467095.
  9. ↑ Shapiro L and Dinarello CA (1995). "Osmotic regulation of cytokine synthesis in vitro". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92 (26): 12230–4. Bibcode:1995PNAS...9212230S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12230 . PMC   40330 . PMID   8618875.
  10. ↑ Fay, Meredith E.; Myers, David R.; Kumar, Amit; Turbyfield, Cory T.; Byler, Rebecca; Crawford, Kaci; Mannino, Robert G.; Laohapant, Alvin; Tyburski, Erika A. (2016-02-23). "Cellular softening mediates leukocyte demargination and trafficking, thereby increasing clinical blood counts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (8): 1987–1992. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.1987F. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508920113 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   4776450 . PMID   26858400.
  11. ↑ Riesner, Katarina; Shi, Yu; Jacobi, Angela; Kräter, Martin; Kalupa, Martina; McGearey, Aleixandria; Mertlitz, Sarah; Cordes, Steffen; Schrezenmeier, Jens-Florian (2017-04-06). "Initiation of acute graft-versus-host disease by angiogenesis". Blood. 129 (14): 2021–2032. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-736314 . ISSN   0006-4971. PMID   28096092.
  12. ↑ Muñoz, Luis E.; Bilyy, Rostyslav; Biermann, Mona H. C.; Kienhöfer, Deborah; Maueröder, Christian; Hahn, Jonas; Brauner, Jan M.; Weidner, Daniela; Chen, Jin (2016-10-04). "Nanoparticles size-dependently initiate self-limiting NETosis-driven inflammation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (40): E5856–E5865. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113E5856M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602230113 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5056044 . PMID   27647892.
  13. ↑ McCollough, Cynthia H.; Leng, Shuai; Yu, Lifeng; Fletcher, Joel G. (2015-08-24). "Dual- and Multi-Energy CT: Principles, Technical Approaches, and Clinical Applications". Radiology. 276 (3): 637–653. doi:10.1148/radiol.2015142631. ISSN   0033-8419. PMC   4557396 . PMID   26302388.
  14. ↑ Wlodkowic, Donald; Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew (2011-01-01). "Rise of the Micromachines: Microfluidics and the Future of Cytometry". In Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Elena Holden, Alberto Orfao, William Telford and Donald Wlodkowic (ed.). Recent Advances in Cytometry, Part A - Instrumentation, Methods. pp. 105–125. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374912-3.00005-5. ISBN   9780123749123. PMC   3241275 . PMID   21704837.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
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