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Indu Banga | |
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 Banga in 2016 |
Indu Banga is an Indian historian who specializes in the history of Punjab. She works at the Department of History of Panjab University, Chandigarh. [1] [2] [3]
Punjab is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts.
Sikhs are people associated with Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term Sikh has its origin in the word śiṣya (शिष्य), meaning 'disciple' or 'student'.
The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a sovereign state, called Khālistān, in the Punjab region. The proposed state would consist of land that currently forms Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan.
Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values of based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati on 10 April 1875. Members of the Arya Samaj reject idolatry.
Bipin Chandra Pal was an Indian nationalist, writer, orator, social reformer and Indian independence movement freedom fighter. He was one third of the “Lal Bal Pal” triumvirate. Pal was one of the main architects of the Swadeshi movement along with Sri Aurobindo. He also opposed the partition of Bengal by the British colonial government.
Bhagat Singh was an Indian socialist revolutionary whose two acts of dramatic violence against the British in India and execution at age 23 made him a folk hero of the Indian independence movement.
Irfan Habib is an Indian historian of ancient and medieval India, following the methodology of Marxist historiography. He identifies as a Marxist and is well known for his strong stance against Hindutva and Muslim communalists. He has authored a number of books, including Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556–1707.
The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) is the oldest trade union federation in India. It is associated with the Communist Party of India. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, AITUC had a membership of 14.2 million in 2013. It was founded on 31 October 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first president.
The Indian Statutory Commission also known as Simon Commison', was a group of seven Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain's largest and most important possession. One of its members was the future leader of the Labour Party Clement Attlee, who became committed to self-government for India.
Beant Singh was an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Punjab from 1992 to 1995. He was a member of Indian National Congress. He was killed in a car bombing.
Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian independence activist. He played a pivotal role in the Indian Independence movement. He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari. He was one of the three Lal Bal Pal triumvirates. He was also associated with activities of Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company in their early stages of death in 1894. He died a few weeks after sustaining severe injuries during a baton charge by police when he led a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission, a commission constituted by the United Kingdom for Indian constitutional reform.
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary organisation, previously it was known as the Hindustan Republican Army, founded by Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachindra Nath Bakshi, Sachindranath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee. Previously, it was known as the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), whose written constitution and published manifesto titled The Revolutionary were produced as evidence in the Kakori conspiracy case of 1925.
Punjabi Hindus are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic and religious group who are Punjabis from the Punjab region and follow Hinduism. While Punjabi Hindus are mostly found in India today, they have their roots in the wider Punjab region, a region that is split between India and Pakistan.
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot District as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95. The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.
Lal Bal Pal were a triumvirate of assertive nationalists in British-ruled India in the early 20th century, from 1906 to 1918. They advocated the Swadeshi movement involving the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods in 1907 during the anti-Partition agitation in Bengal which began in 1905. Lala Lajpat Rai had a famous dialogue during Swadeshi movement.
Dhudike is a village in Moga-I Tehsil in Moga district of Punjab state, India. It is located 17 km east from District Moga. Freedom fighters like Baba Ishar Singh, Baba Pala Singh Jathedar, Baba Pakhar Singh are a few of the Gadaree from Dhudike who participated in the Gadar Movement during the struggle for independence. Dhudike was the birthplace of the famous Lala Lajpat Rai. Furthermore, during the infamous Emergency days of the 70s, underground activity supporting the ideals of the Naxalite communist movement were prevalent in this area. Such topics are touched upon by renowned Punjabi writer Jaswant Singh Kanwal, who is also from Dhudike.
Punjab is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest, by the Indian union territory of Chandigarh to the east, and by the region of Jammu and Kashmir administered by India as a union territory, to the north. It is bordered by Punjab, a province of Pakistan to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, 1.53% of India's total geographical area. It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area. With over 27 million inhabitants, Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population, comprising 23 districts. Punjabi, written in the Gurmukhi script, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The main ethnic group are the Punjabis, with Sikhs and Hindus as the dominant religious groups. The state capital is Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana. The five tributary rivers of the Indus River from which the region took its name are the Sutlej, Ravi, Beas, Chenab and Jhelum rivers; the Sutlej, Ravi and Beas rivers flow through the Indian Punjab.
Amarnath Vidyalankar was an Indian member of Parliament, social worker and journalist. He was involved in the Indian independence movement and a member of the Indian National Congress since before independence. After independence, Vidyalankar was Minister of Education, Labor and Languages in the Government of Punjab from 1957 to 1962 and a member of the First (1952–56), Third (1962-67) and Fifth (1971-1977) Lok Sabhas.
Lala Achint Ram was an Indian freedom fighter, Gandhian and a member of the Indian National Congress party.
Jagtar Singh Grewal is an Indian writer, historian, scholar and a former vice chancellor of the Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU). After securing his PhD and DLitt from London, he joined the Guru Nanak Dev University where he founded the Department of History. He was the first Dean of the Academic Affairs of the University and is a former member of faculty at Panjab University, Chandigarh. After his superannuation from GNDU in 1984, he joined the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla as its director.
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