The Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) is a not-for-profit, product development partnership (PDP) [1] [2] designed to facilitate the development and delivery of new and improved vector control [3] tools to prevent malaria and other neglected tropical diseases. Their mission is to save lives, protect health, and increase prosperity in areas where disease transmitted by insects is endemic.
The Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) is a not-for-profit public-private partnership that was established in 2005. [4] IVCC is registered as a charity in the UK. [1] IVCC was founded in 2005, through a grant to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. [4] IVCC was founded by LSTM Director and Professor Janet Hemingway. [5]
Nick Hamon is the Chief Executive Officer of IVCC. [6] IVCC is headquartered in Liverpool, UK, [7] but also has a registered office and staff in Washington, D.C., USA, as well as staff based in several other countries. The strategy and scope of IVCC is directed by its core team under governance of the Board of Trustees who represent a wide range of expertise. [8]
The IVCC vision is to save lives, protect health and increase prosperity in areas where disease transmitted by insects is endemic. [9] The IVCC mission is to do this by building partnerships that create innovative solutions to prevent the transmission of insect-borne disease. [10] IVCC facilitates the development and delivery of novel and improved vector control tools [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] and solutions to combat the rapidly growing problem of insecticide resistance. [16]
The IVCC strategic plan is focused on three key pillars: developing, delivering, and enabling. IVCC works with multiple stakeholders [17] to develop and deliver novel public health vector control insecticides and tools to end-users to support the implementation of robust insecticide resistance management plans. [18] This will enable national malaria control programs [19] to access a strong portfolio of new vector control solutions [20] developed by stringent target product profiles.
Although primarily focused on malaria, [21] IVCC recognises that new tools and products can be effective against a wide range of other vector-borne diseases. [22]
IVCC was originally funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with a grant of $50.7 million over five years, [23] the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation continues to fund IVCC today. [24] IVCC is also principally funded by UKaid, [25] USAID, [26] Unitaid, [27] The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, [28] The Global Fund [29] and the Australian Government. [30]
IVCC has active partnerships with agrochemical companies, non-governmental organisations, governmental organisations, and academia. IVCC's primary industrial partners include BASF, [12] Bayer, [14] [31] Mitsui, [32] Sumitomo [18] and Syngenta. [15] [33] Additional IVCC partners include Abt Associates, [34] Imperial College London, [35] The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, [36] Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, [37] PATH, [38] PMI, [34] The Global Fund, [39] Tagros, Vestergaard Fransden [40] [ full citation needed ] and Westham. [41]
IVCC fully supports the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's report 'From Aspiration to Action' which sets out a comprehensive and achievable strategy for malaria eradication by 2040. [42] ZERO by 40 [43] is an initiative that works side by side with other malaria-fighting organisations toward the goal of ending the disease for good by the year 2040. [44] For its part, ZERO by 40 focuses on the prevention of malaria through vector control. Founding partners of the initiative include IVCC and key global Crop Protection companies BASF, Bayer, Mitsui, Sumitomo , and Syngenta, in conjunction with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. [45] ZERO by 40 is a collaborative effort to manage and optimise current resources and innovate new vector control tools to help eradicate malaria. [46] [47] [48]
IVCC has made great strides toward achieving its mission and has recorded many key accomplishments to date. A sample of these accomplishments include:
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by the Austrian chemist Othmar Zeidler. DDT's insecticidal action was discovered by the Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller in 1939. DDT was used in the second half of World War II to limit the spread of the insect-borne diseases malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods". The WHO's anti-malaria campaign of the 1950s and 1960s relied heavily on DDT and the results were promising, though there was a resurgence in developing countries afterwards.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates. Human malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected Anopheles mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria.
The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) is a higher education institution with degree awarding powers and a registered charity located in Liverpool, United Kingdom. Established in 1898, it was the first institution in the world dedicated to research and teaching in tropical medicine. The school has a research portfolio of over £220 million, assisted by funding from organisations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust and Department for International Development (DFID).
A mosquito net is a type of meshed curtain that is circumferentially draped over a bed or a sleeping area, to offer the sleeper barrier protection against bites and stings from mosquitos, flies, and other pest insects, and thus against the diseases they may carry. Examples of such preventable insect-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus, Chagas disease and various forms of encephalitis, including the West Nile virus.
Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid ester insecticide. Deltamethrin plays a key role in controlling malaria vectors, and is used in the manufacture of long-lasting insecticidal mosquito nets; however, resistance of mosquitos and bed bugs to deltamethrin has seen a widespread increase.
Unitaid is a global health initiative that works with partners to bring about innovations to prevent, diagnose and treat major diseases in low- and middle-income countries, with an emphasis on tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS and its deadly co-infections. Founded in 2006, the organization funds the final stages of research and development of new drugs, diagnostics and disease-prevention tools, helps produce data supporting guidelines for their use, and works to allow more affordable generic medicines to enter the marketplace in low- and middle-income countries. Hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Unitaid was established by the governments of Brazil, Chile, France, Norway and the United Kingdom.
Pirimiphos-methyl, marketed as Actellic and Sybol, is a phosphorothioate used as an insecticide. It was originally developed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., now Syngenta, at their Jealott's Hill site and first marketed in 1977, ten years after its discovery.
Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people contract mosquito-borne illnesses each year, resulting in more than a million deaths.
Malaria Consortium is an international non-profit organization based in Cambridge Heath, London, specializing in the comprehensive control of malaria and other communicable diseases – particularly those affecting children under five.
The Millennium Foundation for Innovative Finance for Health is an independent, non-profit Swiss organization, established in November 2008 in order to create new ways to finance health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, the Millennium Foundation aims to ensure that international commitments on improving health care are met through the development of innovative financing projects. Its first such project – called MassiveGood – was launched on 4 March, and will give travelers the possibility to add a $2, £2 or €2 micro-contribution to the purchase of a travel reservation, with all proceeds going to the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
Janet Hemingway is a British infectious diseases specialist. She is the former Director of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) and founding Director of Infection Innovation Consortium and Professor of Tropical Medicine at LSTM. She is currently the President of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Alan Jon Magill was the Director of Malaria Programs at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and President of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
The Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance (MESA) is an organization founded on the research carried out by the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA). "malERA" was a project carried out by the scientific community to identify the steps and future research that must be done in order to eradicate malaria. It was created after the Malaria Forum in 2007, hosted by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, reestablished malaria eradication as a long-term goal. "malERA" first launched in 2008, and resulted in a research and development agenda which was published in a PLoS Medicine magazine in 2011. MESA was formed in 2012 to continue the goals of malERA through research and development of methods to fight malaria.
Thomas M. Kariuki is a Kenyan biologist who is Chief Executive Officer of the Science for Africa Foundation. Kariuki previously served as the Director of Programmes for the Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA). He was the Director of the Institute of Primate Research/National Museums of Kenya, for seven years. Kariuki’s research interests have spanned the immunology of neglected infectious diseases and he has been involved in global efforts to develop vaccines, drugs and diagnostics for poverty-related diseases. He has published on vaccines and diagnostics development for schistosomiasis (Bilharzia), malaria and co-infections and on policy issues related to biomedical research and funding. He is a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS), Senior Fellowship of the European Foundations Initiative for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Presidential honour of the Order of Grand Warrior of Kenya (OGW) for scientific leadership and public service, Honorary Professor of Research of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, LSTM.
Target Malaria is a not-for-profit international research consortium that aims to co-develop and share novel genetic technologies to help control malaria in Africa. The consortium brings together research institutes and universities from Africa, Europe and North America.
Flaminia Catteruccia is an Italian professor of immunology and infectious disease at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, studying the interactions between malaria and the Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit the parasites.
Helen Jamet FRES is a medical entomologist from the UK, she is deputy director for Vector Control of Malaria at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Tom McLean is a British chemist who is currently the COO of the Innovative Vector Control Consortium.
Heather Margaret Ferguson FRSE, Professor of Medical Entomology and Disease Ecology, at Glasgow University; a specialist in researching mosquito vectors that spread malaria, in global regions where this is endemic, aiming to manage and control a disease which the World Health Organization estimates killed over 400,000 people in 2020. Ferguson co-chairs the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group and was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2021.
Donald Roberts is a professor of entomology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) in Bethesda, Maryland, USA.