Innovia Monorail

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Innovia Monorail
Monotrilho SP (3).jpg
Innovia Monorail 300 in São Paulo, Brazil
In service1989–present
Manufacturer
Designer Alweg, Bombardier, WED Enterprises
Built at
Family name Innovia

Innovia Monorail is a fully automated and driverless monorail system currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems. Its straddle-beam design is based on the ALWEG monorail, which was first developed in the 1950s and later popularized by Disney at their theme parks.

Contents

History

Walt Disney World Monorail WDW Monorail Black with Dec 2019 insets.jpg
Walt Disney World Monorail

In 1989, Walt Disney World got a new fleet of Mark VI monorail trains built by Bombardier Transportation. [1] Bombardier later supplied its first turnkey monorail system in 1991 to Tampa International Airport in Florida; [2] followed by a contract for JTA Skyway Monorail system in Jacksonville, Florida in 1994. [3] Shortly after, in 1996, Newark Liberty International Airport opened a Von Roll monorail system to connect all its terminals. Von Roll technology was sold to Adtranz and later acquired by Bombardier. [4] These early systems are now grouped under the name Innovia Monorail 100.

In July 2004, Las Vegas opened its 6-mile long Mark IV Las Vegas Monorail monorail system (technology now known Innovia Monorail 200 system). [5] The system suffered from repeated technical difficulties, including parts falling from a moving vehicle, in the first few months of service. The system was temporarily closed for 4 months and reopened in December 2004. Since then, the monorail carries 30,000 passengers daily; despite this, it is still not meeting the original ridership estimates. [6]

In 2010, the cities of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and São Paulo, Brazil placed orders from Bombardier for its latest Innovia Monorail 300 system. As of 2015, both systems are still in delivery. The Riyadh system is for the new King Abdullah Financial District, which will be a car-free economic hub in the Middle East. [7] The São Paulo system will be part of the city's mass transit network and serve 17 stations between the residential districts of Vila Prudente and Cidade Tiradentes. [8] The line started its operations in August 2014 and currently includes ten stations. [9] [10]

In November 2014, Bombardier signed a joint venture (JV) agreement with CSR (now CRRC) Puzhen in China to develop and manufacture Innovia Monorail and Innovia APM vehicles for the Chinese market. [11]

In August 2019, a consortium including Bombardier signed an agreement with the National Authority for Tunnels in Cairo, Egypt which included the development and build of 70 4-car monorail trains for $2.85 billion for two new lines, between East Cairo and the New Administrative Capital, and between Giza and 6th October City. [12]

Technical characteristics

Las Vegas Monorail Vegas monorail 2007.jpg
Las Vegas Monorail

Driverless operation

Innovia Monorails are all fully automated and use a variety of train control technologies. However, the Riyadh and São Paulo monorails are both equipped with CITYFLO 650 communications-based train control. [13] Driverless operation offers many advantages including improved safety, high reliability, shorter headways between trains and lower maintenance costs.

Guidebeams

These monorails operate on a narrow, elevated guidebeam. Pre-cast, post-tensioned guidebeams are constructed at an off-site location and later installed on the system. The guidebeams are 690 millimeters (27 in) wide. [14] The Innovia Monorail 300 was designed to navigate curves as tight as 46 m and a maximum grade of 6%. Monorail switches are either beam replacement or multi-position pivot switches. [15]

Safety

Innovia Monorail systems have evacuation walkways down the entire length of the guidebeam. These walkways allow passengers to escape any onboard hazard. The maintenance crew also uses these walkways for repairs and general maintenance to the system. [16]

Capacity

Bombardier currently says the INNOVIA 300 has capacity for 40,000 passengers per hour per direction (pphpd), equivalent to the best monorails. [17] Bombardier has also stated the system can handle 49,600 pphpd with eight car trains at 75 second headways (48 trains per hour) with six passengers per square metre. [18] This is equivalent to the best rapid transit systems.

Production

The three generations of Innovia Monorails have been assembled in different plants. Today, there are multiple production facilities which have produced the trains including Kingston, Canada; [19] Wuhu [20] and Liuzhou, [21] China; Hortolândia, Brazil [22] and Derby, United Kingdom. [23]

System implementations

Innovia Monorail 100 systems

Innovia Monorail 100 on the Jacksonville Skyway JTA Skyway train.jpg
Innovia Monorail 100 on the Jacksonville Skyway

Current

Defunct

Innovia Monorail 200 systems

Innovia Monorail 300 systems

Current

Under construction

Awards

The Chicago Athenaeum organizes the Good Design Award competition every year. In 2014, the Innovia Monorail 300 was a winner of the Good Design Award in the Transportation 2014 category. [28]

Accidents and incidents

The only city in the world to have an Innovia 300 monorail in operation, São Paulo has had its system break-down on multiple occasions, due to problems in implementation and on the train project itself, ever since it started operating commercially. In 2016, a train departed from the Oratório station with its doors open, which luckily caused no accidents, due to an error in the programming made by Bombardier on the train's computers. [29] These trains operate on unprotected 15-meter (45-feet) high tracks. In January 2019, two trains collided at the then unopened Jardim Planalto station, [30] causing both trains to be unusable for the remainder of that year. According to the metro workers' union, this accident was caused because there's a gap in the system: if one train is shut down, it disappears from the control system and is not seen by others, which could (and supposedly did) cause crashes. [31] [32] In January 2020, due to poor constructing, screws fell from one of the line's track-switches, causing the line to operate precariously for five days. [33] The section in which this took place (in the vicinity of the São Lucas station) had been opened only two years prior. In February 2020, the worst accident so far happened: a tire from the train M20 exploded, causing the system to completely shut down while Bombardier technicians looked into what happened, partially reopening ninety-four days later (on June 1) [34] and fully reopening 111 days after the incident, on June 18. [35] According to a preliminary report by the São Paulo State's Research Institute, what caused the incident were hundreds [36] of imperfections on the concrete rails, which caused strong vibrations that, in turn, made the tire's runflat mechanism touch the rubber from inside the wheel, causing premature wear and consequent rupture. [37] After investigating, it was found out that all 23 operational trains from the line's fleet had been affected by this issue. [38]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">São Paulo Metro</span> Rapid transit system in São Paulo, Brazil

The São Paulo Metro, commonly called the Metrô, is a rapid transit system that forms part of the urban railways that serves the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company (CPTM), both forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America. The six lines in the metro system operate on 104.4 kilometres (64.9 mi) of route, serving 89 stations. The metro system carries about 4,200,000 passengers a day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos</span> Rapid transit and commuter rail company

The Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) is a rapid transit and commuter rail company owned by the São Paulo State Department for Metropolitan Transports. It was created on 28 May 1992, from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian-German rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Berlin, Germany. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.

CRRC Nanjing Puzhen is a Chinese railway rolling stock manufacturer, based in Puzhen, Nanjing city. It is a subsidiary of CRRC. Nanjing Puzhen has supplied trains to Shanghai Metro Line 3 and Nanjing Metro in partnership with Alstom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transport in São Paulo</span> Overview of transport in São Paulo

Transport in São Paulo plays a key role in the daily lives of the people of São Paulo and offers various methods of public transport that are offered in the city, including a complex bus system run by SPTrans, and various subway and railway lines. A contactless smartcard is used to pay fares for the buses, subway, and railway systems. São Paulo also has three airports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 6 (São Paulo Metro)</span>

Line 6 (Orange) (Portuguese: Linha 6–Laranja) is an under construction line of the São Paulo Metro. The first section will be 15.9-kilometre (9.9 mi) long, with 15 stations, and will link the São Joaquim metro station (Line 1 (Blue) to the district of Brasilândia. The branch is known as the "Colleges line" as it will serve many of them along its route (FAAP, PUC-SP and Mackenzie University).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)</span> Monorail in São Paulo

Line 15 (Silver) (Portuguese: Linha 15–Prata) is one of the six lines that make up the São Paulo Metro and one of the thirteen lines that make up the Metropolitan Rail Transportation Network. It is South America's first mass-transit monorail and is the first system in the world to use the Bombardier Innovia Monorail 300. When completed it will be the largest and highest capacity monorail system in the Americas and second worldwide only to the Chongqing Monorail. The first section, from Vila Prudente to Oratório, opened on 30 August 2014, initially running 10 AM–3 PM on weekends only. As of 26 October 2016, the line is operational from 4:40 AM–12 AM. The line has a free connection to Line 2-Green on Vila Prudente station and future connection to CPTM Line 10-Turquoise on Ipiranga station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 17 (São Paulo Metro)</span> Future monorail line in São Paulo

Line 17 (Gold) (Portuguese: Linha 17–Ouro) is an under construction monorail project for the São Paulo Metro. The line will have 14 stations, beginning at the São Paulo-Morumbi station and ending at the Jabaquara station, with a branch to Congonhas station, connected to the São Paulo/Congonhas Airport. It will have integration with Line 1-Blue, Line 4-Yellow, and Line 5-Lilac as well as CPTM Line 9-Emerald. The line was originally one of the transportation projects supporting the 2014 FIFA World Cup. However, delays and contract disputes have pushed the completion date from the original 2013 full opening date to 2026. Once completed, the line will be the first in the system to have a branch.

Line 18 (Bronze) (Portuguese: Linha 18–Bronze) was a project of the São Paulo Metro. It would link São Paulo to the southeast portion of the Greater São Paulo, ending in São Bernardo do Campo. The line was expected to be the first São Paulo Metro Line to go beyond the city limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oratório (São Paulo Metro)</span> São Paulo Metro station

Oratório is a station on Line 15–Silver of the São Paulo Metro, opened on August 30, 2014. When concluded, the line will connect Vila Prudente to the district of Cidade Tiradentes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ViaMobilidade</span> Brazilian rail transport company

ViaMobilidade is a company in Brazil belonging to Companhia de Concessões Rodoviárias, being responsible for the operation, maintenance and investments in Line 5–Lilac, Line 8–Diamond and Line 9–Emerald of São Paulo Metropolitan Trains for 20 years, through a public-private concession contract, in partnership with the Government of the State of São Paulo.

Morumbi is a future monorail station, which will be operated by ViaMobilidade. Placed in the district of Santo Amaro in São Paulo, it will connect with homonymous station of Line 9-Emerald.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chucri Zaidan (São Paulo Metro)</span> Future railway station in São Paulo, Brazil

Chucri Zaidan will be a monorail station of Line 17-Gold of ViaMobilidade, which is currently under construction, and will connect Line 9-Emerald to Congonhas Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jardim Colonial (São Paulo Metro)</span> Railway station in São Paulo, Brazil

Jardim Colonial is a monorail station of São Paulo Metro. It serves Line 15-Silver, which connects the nearby neighbourhood to the Metro Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It's located in Avenida Ragueb Chohfi, 1400.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SESC-Pompeia (São Paulo Metro)</span> Future railway station in São Paulo, Brazil

SESC-Pompeia will be one of the future stations of São Paulo Metro and will belong to Line 6-Orange, which is under construction. In its first phase, with 15.9 km (9.9 mi) of extension, Line 6 should connect Brasilândia, in the North Side, to São Joaquim station of Line 1-Blue. Later, the line should connect Rodovia dos Bandeirantes to the borough of Cidade Líder, in the East Side.

Boa Esperança is a future monorail station of São Paulo Metro. It will serve Line 15-Silver, which connects the nearby neighbourhood to the Metro Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It will be located at Avenida Ragueb Chohfi, 3002.

Jacu-Pêssego is a future monorail station of São Paulo Metro. It will serve Line 15-Silver, which connects the nearby neighbourhood to the Metro Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It will be located at Avenida Ragueb Chohfi, 4383, next to a junction with Avenida Jacu-Pêssego.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">São Paulo Metro M stock</span>

The São Paulo Metro M stock is a class of trains built by Bombardier between 2011 and 2014 to operate on Line 15-Silver, opened in 2014. This is the first monorail class of trains of the state of São Paulo.

References

  1. ↑ "Walt Disney World Monorail System". Big Florida Country. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  2. ↑ "Monorails of North America". The Monorail Society. Monorail Society. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  3. ↑ "Jacksonville's Automated Skyway Express Downtown Peoplemover". Innovative Transportation Technologies. Jerry Schneider. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "Von Roll/Adtranz". The Monorail Society. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE". Las Vegas Monorail. Las Vegas Monorail Company. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "Monorail! Could Disney dream be Toronto's reality?". The Toronto Star. 5 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  7. ↑ "King Abdullah Financial District monorail revealed". Railway Gazette.
  8. ↑ "São Paulo awards monorail metro contract". Railway Gazette.
  9. ↑ "São Paulo awards monorail metro contract". Railway Gazette.
  10. ↑ "Estação Vila Prudente – Linha 15-Prata | Metrô São Paulo". www.metro.sp.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  11. ↑ "Bombardier Announces Joint Venture for China". Net News Ledger. 6 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "Consortium of Bombardier Transportation, Orascom Construction and Arab Contractors wins contract to supply and operate two monorail lines in Egypt". globenewswire.com. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "Bombardier named systems supplier of the year – INNOVIA Monorail 300 system and CITYFLO 650 technology are winners in Sao Paulo". Purchasing B2B. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  14. ↑ "ALWEG - Bombardier Innovia Monorail 300". The Monorail Society - Technical Page. The Monorail Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015.
  15. ↑ "INNOVIA Monorail 300 System: a mass transport solution for the megacity of São Paulo" (PDF). CG/LA Infrastructure, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "URBAN MONORAIL TRACK". Monorail Australia. The Monorail Society.
  17. ↑ "INNOVIA monorail system – mass transit capabilities with iconic aesthetics". Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  18. ↑ "INNOVIA Monorail 300 Technology" (PDF). Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  19. ↑ "King Abdullah Financial District monorail revealed". veeoz. Railway Gazette. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  20. ↑ 网易 (8 December 2020). "芜湖轻轨开通时间传来新消息！赶紧上车"探秘"跨座式单轨、全自动驾驶、玻璃钢座椅…". www.163.com. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  21. ↑ "最新消息!"柳州造"首列轻轨列车开始动态测试 将出口东南亚_产业". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  22. ↑ "Bombardier opens Hortolândia monorail factory". Railway Gazette.
  23. ↑ "Bombardier in Derby to build monorail trains for Cairo". BBC News. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  24. ↑ "China's first fully automated and driverless elevated monorail provided by Alstom's Chinese joint venture enters service in Wuhu". Alstom. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  25. ↑ 今报记者. "激动！坐这车游柳州，原来更有feel！想体验吗？". Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  26. ↑ "Cairo Monorail System in Egypt". Railway Technology. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  27. ↑ "Santiago de los Caballeros monorail contract signed". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  28. ↑ "Good Design – INNOVIA Monorail 300 System – 2012". The Chicago Athenaeum.
  29. ↑ disse, Diego (14 October 2016). "Monotrilho da Linha 15-Prata sai da estação com as portas abertas". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  30. ↑ disse, Bruno (1 February 2019). "Metrô inicia remoção dos trens que colidiram na Linha 15". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  31. ↑ "Sindicato dos Metroviários diz que acidente com monotrilho foi causado por ausência de sistema de comunicação". Diário do Transporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  32. ↑ "Metrô de São Paulo diz que mantém cobrança de consórcio por monotrilho inoperante e que pode mover novo processo se plano de retomada não for satisfatório". Diário do Transporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  33. ↑ "Problema "exclusivo" do monotrilho faz Linha 15-Prata operar em dois trechos". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  34. ↑ "Monotrilho da Linha 15-Prata voltou a operar entre Vila Prudente e Jd. Planalto no fim da tarde desta segunda (01)". Diário do Transporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  35. ↑ "Linha 15-Prata retoma operação até a estação São Mateus". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  36. ↑ "Baldy revela erros graves do consórcio responsável pela implantação da Linha 15-Prata". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 22 April 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  37. ↑ "Os bastidores do incidente que fez a Linha 15-Prata ser paralisada há dois meses". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 April 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  38. ↑ "Problema em pneu faz Metrô suspender operação da Linha 15-Prata do monotrilho". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 March 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
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