It contains two operation modes that follow two Intel specific modes rather than the SATA standard. The name modes and the application that contains them have been renamed since the first version. Until 2010 it contains AHCI and Matrix RAID modes. The first mode is the Intel driver SATA normal and the latter mode is a fake RAID.[1] Up to version 4 it is included on Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition,[2] between versions 5 and 8.9 it is included on Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM), since version 9 it is included on Intel Rapid Storage Technology (IRST) preferring the driver modes to be named RST AHCI and RST AHCI RAID instead of Matrix RAID. The latter is also known as RST RAID mode, since it is the mode that Intel recommends. The purpose of the program, after installing the drivers, is to configure the operation in this mode.
Both modes work with SATA drives. The boot mode choice, with one mode or the other, is chosen in modern BIOS/UEFI after driver installation.[3] Once one or the other driver is installed, it is not possible for the Windows operating system to boot again with the BIOS/UEFI set to RAID/IDE, producing BSOD in case of trying.[4]
As of 2020,[update] it includes a RAID system capable of RAID levels 0, 1, 5, and 10, a block levelSSDcaching accelerator ("Smart Response Technology") with support for write-back and write-through modes for speed or data protection of any disk or RAID array, and support for intelligent caching, speedy recovery from certain issues, and for PCI Express based drives. Intel RST came in two variants, RST for desktops, and RSTe for enterprise scenarios, although for many chipsets, the user could choose as both variants will operate correctly.[citation needed]VROC was a part of Intel RSTe. The SATA RAID portion of the product family was called Intel RSTe and the NVMe* RAID portion was called Intel VROC. However, starting in Q1 2019, with the launch of Intel VROC 6.0, the Intel RSTe name was removed, and all RAID solutions in this product family were branded as Intel VROC. The SATA functionality remains, but is now branded as Intel VROC (SATA RAID). Intel RSTe is no longer a referenced product by Intel. The name may still appear in some legacy products, but all new references will solely use the Intel VROC nomenclature.[5][6]).
Intel RST is provided by a combination of firmware, chipset and CPU capabilities, and software. As such, the chipset, the firmware included in the BIOS, and the software installed by the user, must be compatible versions.[citation needed]
Like all RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), Intel RST RAID employs two or more physical hard disks which the operating system will treat as a single disk, in order to increase redundancy which avoids data loss (except RAID0), or to increase the speed at which data is written to and read from a disk. Intel RST RAID does not provide new RAID levels. It allows different areas (e.g. partitions or logical volumes) on the same disk to be assigned to different RAID devices, unlike some other RAID controllers. Intel recommends to put any critical applications and data on a RAID1, 5, or 10 volume, with redundancy to protect against data loss. The RAID0 volume in Matrix RAID provides fast access to large files where data loss is not a critical issue but speed is; examples include video editing, swap files, and files that are backed up. Intel Matrix RAID, Intel Rapid RAID, and Intel Smart Response Technology are together described as Intel Rapid Storage Technology.[7][full citation needed]
Operating system support
"Rapid Storage Technology" (RST), including creation of RAID volumes, works under Windows 7 and newer versions of Microsoft Windows. The older "Intel Matrix RAID" is supported under Microsoft Windows XP.
Linux supports Matrix RAID and Rapid Storage Technology (RST) through device mapper, with dmraid tool, for RAID0, 1 and 10, and Linux MD RAID, with the mdadm utility, for RAID0, 1, 10, and 5. Set up of the RAID volumes must be done by using the ROM option in the Matrix Storage Manager, then further configuration can be done in DM-RAID or MD-RAID.[8]
FreeBSD 10+ support Intel RAID BIOS through the graid command.[9]FreeBSD versions 6 thru 9 and MidnightBSD supported Intel Matrix RAID using the "ataraid" driver, managed through the atacontrol command.[10][11] However, with older versions[when?] of FreeBSD there were critical reliability issues which include array device renaming when a disk in an array is replaced,[12] an array being considered healthy if the machine reboot/crashes during an array rebuild,[13] and kernel panics when a disk is lost or is removed from the bus.[14][15] Some of these problems, when experienced in combination, could result in the loss of an entire array (even in the case of RAID1).
VMware ESXi 4 does not support any RAID function nor Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR controllers.[16]
PGPDisk does not support Intel Matrix RAID based on Intel ICHxR, and does not support standalone drives if the "RAID" mode is enabled on the motherboard.
Matrix Storage Manager option ROM
The Intel Matrix Storage Manager (IMSM) option ROM is a part of Matrix RAID that has to be used in the BIOS to create new RAID arrays.[17]As of 2014,[update] Intel uses "Rapid Storage Technology" -"Option Rom"- on its new chipsets, dropping the "Matrix" name.[18] An Intel document notes that Intel Matrix Storage Manager storage changed to Intel Rapid Storage Technology beginning with version 9.5.[19]
There have been several driver versions:
Version
Release date
Notes
v3.x.x
2003
First version for SATA drives. Versions 1 & 2 are for IDE drives without AHCI & RAID modes.
v3.5.0
v4.x.x
Latest version in which MATRIX RAID mode is included on the named application Intel Application Accelerator RAID Edition.
v5.x.x
Since this version the MATRIX RAID mode is included on the named application Intel Matrix Storage Manager, up to version 8.9.
Last version to support Windows 8.1 and earlier. Last version to support Smart Response cache acceleration with a SATA SSD.[22]
v16.0.2.1086
2018-02
First generic version to support Skylake CPUs
v16.5.1.1030
2018-02
First generic version to support the 300 series chipsets
v16.8.3.1003
2019-07
v17.5.2.1024
2019-08
Improved Optane support
v17.7.0.1006
2019-09
v18.6.1.1016
2021-09
Since release 11.2.0.0000, TRIM commands can be read by Windows RAID drivers made for 7 series chipsets. There is no RAID mode TRIM support on drivers for older chipsets.[23]
When booting in a BIOS environment (legacy) and some EFI, the RST option ROM is used. When booting in a true UEFI environment the Option ROM is not used as a SataDriver with the RST version takes over. In BIOS mode the legacy/BIOS booting is under CSMCORE. In true UEFI mode the RST is controlled under SataDriver / RstVmdDriver in BIOS.
The Intel RAID ROM is the firmware in the motherboard BIOS that is used to create the RAID array.
Note: The RST drivers can be used for RAID and also on a single drive as it contains an AHCI driver. There is a bug in the version 12.5.0.1066 RST driver, which cause TRIM commands not to pass through the RAID driver to the drives. TRIM is disabled using this driver.
Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe)
Intel Rapid Storage Technology enterprise (Intel RSTe)[24] provides performance and reliability for supported systems equipped with Serial ATA (SATA) devices, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) devices, and/or solid state drives (SSDs) to enable an optimal enterprise storage solution. The main difference between RST and RSTe is that the RST is used for desktop systems and the RSTe is mostly used for server systems.[25][clarification needed] RST supports regular SATA controllers from desktop systems.
If the BIOS of the motherboard has RSTe feature then the user cannot install Intel Rapid Storage Technology software (error message: This platform is not supported). The user has to install RSTe software.
There have been several Option ROM versions:
Version
Release date
Notes
4.3.0.1010
2014
This version is installed on some Intel C236 Chipset-based motherboards (e.g. Asus P10S WS)
5.1.0.1099
2017-04
5.3.1.1016
2017-11
5.5.0.2012
2018-12
In 2019, Intel announced that the RTSe branding would be replaced, with RSTe consolidated into Intel's VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU) product line.[5]
Intel VROC (Virtual RAID on CPU)
This section needs expansion. You can help by expanding it. (February 2020)
Intel VROC was mostly designed with NVMe SSD's in mind and it is directly attached to the Intel Xeon Scalable processors. For the full functionality it uses a newer Intel technology called Intel VMD (Intel Volume Management Device).[26]
Intel VROC is a technology from the Intel Xeon Scalable processors series and is used to provide hot-plug, surprise-removal, and LED management of NVMe SSD's for server usage. For client PC's Intel RST is still the advised software package to use.[26]
Intel VMD is targeted for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems.[26]
At the beginning of 2019 Intel launched VROC 6.0 that includes RSTe. After this the RSTe name no longer used.[27]
↑"Supported Intel Chipsets and Controller Hubs". Intel. February 5, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016. The product name was changed from Intel Matrix Storage Manager to Intel RST beginning with version 9.5.
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