Background
The most significant use of interim government structures began following the successful 2006 Nepalese revolution, which effectively ended King Gyanendra's direct rule and paved the way for fundamental changes in Nepal's political system. After the success of the April 2006 people's movement on 15 January 2007 the old parliament was dissolved and replaced by a 330-member interim legislature of Nepal. This marked the beginning of a prolonged period of transitional governance that would span nearly a decade.
The interim government framework was formalized through the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007), [2] which established the legal foundation for transitional governance. On April 1, 2007, the ruling eight-party government formed an interim Council of Ministers through political consensus, including five Maoist ministers. This inclusive approach reflected the peace process requirements and the need to integrate former insurgent groups into mainstream politics following the conclusion of the decade-long Maoist insurgency.
The primary mandate of these interim governments was to oversee the election of constituent assemblies tasked with drafting a new constitution. The legislature drafted an interim constitution and a constituent assembly election was held in April 2008. However, the constitutional drafting process proved more challenging than anticipated. The first constituent assembly charged with drafting a new constitution could not reach agreement on key issues, including the eventual structure of after the CA failed to draft a constitution by the May 2012 deadline set by the Supreme Court, then-Prime Minister Baburam bhattarai dissolved the CA.
This constitutional impasse led to another period of interim governance. Months of negotiations ensued until March 2013 when the major political parties agreed to create an interim arrangement, culminating in Nepal held its second constituent assembly election since the 2006 peace agreement ended a long-running civil conflict in November 2013.
The latest formation of interim government emerged in September 2025 following massive youth-led protests against corruption and nepotism. Nepal's first female prime minister was sworn in 12 september 2025 as interim leader, capping a tumultuous week that saw massive and deadly youth-led protests against corruption and nepotism topple the country's leader and plunge the nation into political turmoil. Sushila Karki was nominated by a discord voting after that Nepal's president appointed former Supreme Court Chief Justice Sushila Karki as interim prime minister. She is the first woman to head the nation's government Former Chief Justice of Nepal Sushila Karki was the only female chief justice in 2016 and 2017 and was known for her stance against government corruption during that period.
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