International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy

Last updated
International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM)
GenrePhysics Conference
Location(s)changes every time
Inaugurated Göttingen 1983
Most recent Lund 2024
Next event Campinas 2026
Attendance300-400
Website XRM2024

The International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) is a biennial international conference on X-ray imaging. The scope includes a range of topics in X-ray imaging, both in the soft and hard X-ray spectrum. Imaging by synchrotron light sources is the dominant topic, but small scale laboratory imaging is also included in many talks and posters. A number of subtopics are covered, including but not limited to X-ray microtomography, Phase-contrast X-ray imaging, Ptychography, and X-ray optics. The conference is typically five days long and held in summer. The conference is organized by an international committee and a local host organization. This local host is in most cases a synchrotron facility or an institute closely connected to a synchrotron. The host of the conference is decided two conferences in advance with a majority vote by all conference attendees. For example, the 14th XRM (2018) was decided during the 12th XRM (2014).

Contents

History

The initiators of XRM were the German physicist Günter Schmahl and the Hungarian-American physicist Janos Kirz. Schmahl hosted the first conference in Göttingen in 1983. [1] [2]

XRM was for several years triennial, but has been biennial since 2008.

The 2020 installment of XRM in Taiwan was postponed two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Werner Meyer-Ilse Memorial Award

Werner Meyer-Ilse was the chair of the International Program Committee for XRM99, but passed away in a car accident days before the conference. [3] [4] In his memory XRM hands out the Werner Meyer-Ilse Memorial Award to "young scientists for exceptional contributions to the advancement of X-ray microscopy". [5]

Previous Recipients

List of XRM conference

#yearnamecitycountryattendance [a] proceedingscomment
11983XRM IGöttingenGermany50 [2] [7] First conference
21987XRM IIBrookhaven, NY.US [8]
31990XRM IIILondonUK [9]
41993XRM IVChernogolovkaRussia [10]
51996XRM VWürzburgGermany [11]
61999XRM99Berkeley, CA.US [12] First WMIM award
72002XRM2002GrenobleFrance239 [13]
82005XRM2005HimejiJapan [14] First conference outside Europe and US
92008XRM2008ZürichSwitzerland300 [15]
102010XRM2010Chicago, Il.US344 [16]
112012XRM2012ShanghaiChina295 [17]
122014XRM2014MelbourneAustralia336 [2]
132016XRM2016OxfordUK380 [5]
142018XRM2018SaskatoonCanada [18]
152022XRM2022HsinchuTaiwanVirtual, originally planned as XRM2020
162024XRM2024LundSwedenOriginally planned as XRM2022
172026XRM2026CampinasBrazil

See also

Notes

a Attendance numbers are taken from their respective proceedings.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Synchrotron light source</span> Particle accelerator designed to produce intense x-ray beams

A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other specialized particle accelerators, typically accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices in storage rings and free electron lasers. These supply the strong magnetic fields perpendicular to the beam that are needed to stimulate the high energy electrons to emit photons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">X-ray microscope</span> Type of microscope that uses X-rays

An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computational photography</span> Set of digital image capture and processing techniques

Computational photography refers to digital image capture and processing techniques that use digital computation instead of optical processes. Computational photography can improve the capabilities of a camera, or introduce features that were not possible at all with film-based photography, or reduce the cost or size of camera elements. Examples of computational photography include in-camera computation of digital panoramas, high-dynamic-range images, and light field cameras. Light field cameras use novel optical elements to capture three dimensional scene information which can then be used to produce 3D images, enhanced depth-of-field, and selective de-focusing. Enhanced depth-of-field reduces the need for mechanical focusing systems. All of these features use computational imaging techniques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Light Source</span> Synchrotron light source facility in Saskatoon, Canada

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is Canada's national synchrotron light source facility, located on the grounds of the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The CLS has a third-generation 2.9 GeV storage ring, and the building occupies a footprint the size of a Canadian football field. It opened in 2004 after a 30-year campaign by the Canadian scientific community to establish a synchrotron radiation facility in Canada. It has expanded both its complement of beamlines and its building in two phases since opening. As a national synchrotron facility with over 1000 individual users, it hosts scientists from all regions of Canada and around 20 other countries. Research at the CLS has ranged from viruses to superconductors to dinosaurs, and it has also been noted for its industrial science and its high school education programs.

In physics, the phase problem is the problem of loss of information concerning the phase that can occur when making a physical measurement. The name comes from the field of X-ray crystallography, where the phase problem has to be solved for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. The phase problem is also met in the fields of imaging and signal processing. Various approaches of phase retrieval have been developed over the years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International School for Advanced Studies</span> Graduate School in Trieste, Italy

The International School for Advanced Studies is an international, state-supported, post-graduate-education and research institute in Trieste, Italy.

Diffraction topography is a imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction. Diffraction topographic images ("topographies") record the intensity profile of a beam of X-rays diffracted by a crystal. A topography thus represents a two-dimensional spatial intensity mapping (image) of the X-rays diffracted in a specific direction, so regions which diffract substantially will appear brighter than those which do not. This is equivalent to the spatial fine structure of a Laue reflection. Topographs often reveal the irregularities in a non-ideal crystal lattice. X-ray diffraction topography is one variant of X-ray imaging, making use of diffraction contrast rather than absorption contrast which is usually used in radiography and computed tomography (CT). Topography is exploited to a lesser extent with neutrons, and is the same concept as dark field imaging in an electron microscope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coherent diffraction imaging</span> Lensless computational imaging method

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a "lensless" technique for 2D or 3D reconstruction of the image of nanoscale structures such as nanotubes, nanocrystals, porous nanocrystalline layers, defects, potentially proteins, and more. A comprehensive review titled Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography was published by Miao in Nature in 2025.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ptychography</span> Method of microscopic imaging

Ptychography is a computational method of microscopic imaging. It generates images by processing many coherent interference patterns that have been scattered from an object of interest. Its defining characteristic is translational invariance, which means that the interference patterns are generated by one constant function moving laterally by a known amount with respect to another constant function. The interference patterns occur some distance away from these two components, so that the scattered waves spread out and "fold" into one another as shown in the figure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low Energy Antiproton Ring</span> Former CERN infrastructure

The Low Energy Anti-Proton Ring (LEAR) was a particle accelerator at CERN which operated from 1982 until 1996. The ring was designed to decelerate and store antiprotons, to study the properties of antimatter and to create atoms of antihydrogen. Antiprotons for the ring were created by the CERN Proton Synchrotron via the Antiproton Collector and the Antiproton Accumulator (AA). The creation of at least nine atoms of antihydrogen were confirmed by the PS210 experiment in 1995.

In imaging optics, a field lens is a positive-powered lens or group of lenses that comes after the objective lens and before the image plane or the eyepiece, serving to change the size of the image or to provide image-space telecentricity. It is used for the reduction of detector size and, in instances needing high optical gain factor, it can correct aberrations through its several elements. Optical systems that feature multiple image planes are at risk of a potential problem, which involves the inability on the part of succeeding relay lenses to capture a cone of light from the primary objective lens. The field lens - by behaving as a variably angled lens - solves this problem by bending or refracting the cone of light back into the succeeding relay lens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanochannel glass materials</span> Novel mask technology

Nanochannel glass materials are an experimental mask technology that is an alternate method for fabricating nanostructures, although optical lithography is the predominant patterning technique.

David Sayre was an American scientist, credited with the early development of direct methods for protein crystallography and of diffraction microscopy. While working at IBM he was part of the initial team of ten programmers who created FORTRAN, and later suggested the use of electron beam lithography for the fabrication of X-ray Fresnel zone plates.

Franz Pfeiffer is a German physicist known for his contributions to the development of Phase-contrast X-ray imaging and its applications in biomedical research.

Peter Duncumb is a British physicist specialising in X-ray microscopy and microanalysis. He is best known for his contribution to the development of the first electron microprobe.

Günter Schmahl was a German physicist, professor at the University of Göttingen and a pioneer of X-ray microscopy.

Janos Kirz is a Hungarian-American physicist, Professor emeritus at Stony Brook University, and pioneer of X-ray microscopy.

Dark-field X-ray microscopy is an imaging technique used for multiscale structural characterisation. It is capable of mapping deeply embedded structural elements with nm-resolution using synchrotron X-ray diffraction-based imaging. The technique works by using scattered X-rays to create a high degree of contrast, and by measuring the intensity and spatial distribution of the diffracted beams, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional map of the sample's structure, orientation, and local strain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jianwei Miao</span> Chinese-American physicist

Jianwei (John) Miao is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the California NanoSystems Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles. He performed the first experiment on extending crystallography to allow structural determination of non-crystalline specimens in 1999, which has been known as coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), lensless imaging, or computational microscopy. In 2012, Miao applied the CDI method to pioneer atomic electron tomography (AET), enabling the first determination of 3D atomic structures without assuming crystallinity or averaging. In 2025, he published a single-author review article in Nature titled "Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography", which encapsulates 25 years of advancements in computational imaging that have fundamentally transformed the field of microscopy.

References

  1. ↑ "About XRM". XRM2022. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  2. 1 2 3 de Jonge, Martin D.; Paterson, David J.; Ryan, Christopher G., eds. (2016). "XRM 2014". XRM 2014: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1696. American Institute of Physics.
  3. ↑ "Werner Meyer-Ilse Award". XRM2022. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  4. ↑ "ALS Scientist Dies Following Car Crash". Berkeley Lab. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  5. 1 2 "XRM2016". X-Ray Microscopy Conference 2016 (XRM 2016) 15–19 August 2016, Oxford University, United Kingdom. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 849. IOP Publishing. 2017.
  6. ↑ Joelsson, Johan (2024-09-17). "Werner Meyer-Ilse Award to Yuhe Zhang". lu.se. Lund University . Retrieved 2025-01-19.
  7. ↑ Schmal, Günter; Rudolph, Dietbert, eds. (1984). "X-Ray Microscopy". X-Ray Microscopy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Göttingen, Fed. Rep. of Germany, September 14–16, 1983. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Vol. 43. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38833-3.
  8. ↑ Sayre, David; Kirz, Janos; Howells, Malcolm; Rarback, Harvey, eds. (1988). "X-Ray Microscopy II". X-Ray Microscopy II: Proceedings of the International Symposium, Brookhaven, NY, August 31–September 4, 1987. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Vol. 56. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39246-0.
  9. ↑ Michette, Alan G.; Morrison, Graeme R.; Buckley, Christopher J., eds. (1992). "X-Ray Microscopy III". X-Ray Microscopy III: Proceedings of the Third International Conference, London, September 3–7, 1990. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Vol. 67. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46887-5.
  10. ↑ Aristov, V. V.; Erko, A. I., eds. (1994). X-Ray Microscopy IV.
  11. ↑ Thieme, Jürgen; Schmal, Günter; Rudolph, Dietbert; Umbach, Eberhard, eds. (1998). "X-Ray Microscopy and Spectromicroscopy". X-Ray Microscopy and Spectromicroscopy: Status Report from the Fifth International Conference, Würzburg, August 19–23, 1996. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-72106-9.
  12. ↑ Warwick, Tony; Meyer-Ilse, Werner; Attwood, David, eds. (2000). "X-RAY MICROSCOPY". X-RAY MICROSCOPY: Proceedings of the VI International Conference. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 507. American Institute of Physics.
  13. ↑ Susini, J.; Joyeux, D.; Polack, F., eds. (2000). "7th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy". 7th International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy. J. Phys. IV France. Vol. 104. EDP Sciences.
  14. ↑ "XRM2005". Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on X-ray Microscopy. IPAP Conference Series. Vol. 7. Institute of Pure and Applied Physics, Japan. 2006.
  15. ↑ "XRM2008". 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY 21–25 July 2008, Zürich, Switzerland. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 186. IOP Publishing. 2009.
  16. ↑ McNulty, Ian; Eyberger, Catherine; Lai, Barry, eds. (2011). "XRM 2010". XRM 2010: THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X‐RAY MICROSCOPY. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1365. American Institute of Physics.
  17. ↑ "XRM2012". 11th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy (XRM2012) 5–10 August 2012, Shanghai, China. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 463. IOP Publishing. 2013.
  18. ↑ "XRM2016". Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on X-ray Microscopy (XRM2018). Microscopy and Microanalysis. Vol. 24(S2). Cambridge University Press. 2018.
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