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SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, originally named the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is a federally funded research and development center in Menlo Park, California, United States. Founded in 1962, the laboratory is now sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administrated by Stanford University. It is the site of the Stanford Linear Accelerator, a 3.2 kilometer (2-mile) linear accelerator constructed in 1966 that could accelerate electrons to energies of 50 GeV.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administrated by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the Lab and served as its Director until his death in 1958. Located in the hills of Berkeley, California, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Argonne National Laboratory is a federally funded research and development center in Lemont, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1946, the laboratory is owned by the United States Department of Energy and administered by UChicago Argonne LLC of the University of Chicago. The facility is the largest national laboratory in the Midwest.
A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other specialized particle accelerators, typically accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices in storage rings and free electron lasers. These supply the strong magnetic fields perpendicular to the beam that are needed to convert high energy electrons into photons.
An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. Since X-rays penetrate most objects, there is no need to specially prepare them for X-ray microscopy observations.
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions and behaves in many ways like a laser, but instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecular excitations, it employs relativistic electrons as a gain medium. Radiation is generated by a bunch of electrons passing through a magnetic structure. In an FEL, this radiation is further amplified as the radiation re-interacts with the electron bunch such that the electrons start to emit coherently, thus allowing an exponential increase in overall radiation intensity.
The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories and Technology Centers is a system of laboratories overseen by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for scientific and technological research. The primary mission of the DOE national laboratories is to conduct research and development (R&D) addressing national priorities: energy and climate, the environment, national security, and health. Sixteen of the seventeen DOE national laboratories are federally funded research and development centers administered, managed, operated and staffed by private-sector organizations under management and operating (M&O) contracts with the DOE.
The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a division of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is operated by Stanford University for the Department of Energy. SSRL is a National User Facility which provides synchrotron radiation, a name given to electromagnetic radiation in the x-ray, ultraviolet, visible and infrared realms produced by electrons circulating in a storage ring at nearly the speed of light. The extremely bright light that is produced can be used to investigate various forms of matter ranging from objects of atomic and molecular size to man-made materials with unusual properties. The obtained information and knowledge is of great value to society, with impact in areas such as the environment, future technologies, health, biology, basic research, and education.
Induced radioactivity, also called artificial radioactivity or man-made radioactivity, is the process of using radiation to make a previously stable material radioactive. The husband and wife team of Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie discovered induced radioactivity in 1934, and they shared the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery.
The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Upton, New York was a national user research facility funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Built from 1978 through 1984, and officially shut down on September 30, 2014, the NSLS was considered a second-generation synchrotron.
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a research facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California. One of the world's brightest sources of ultraviolet and soft x-ray light, the ALS is the first "third-generation" synchrotron light source in its energy range, providing multiple extremely bright sources of intense and coherent short-wavelength light for use in scientific experiments by researchers from around the world. It is funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and operated by the University of California. In June 2018, Stephen Kevan became the director of the ALS.
Joachim Stöhr is a physicist and professor emeritus of the Photon Science Department of Stanford University. His research has focused on the development of X-ray and synchrotron radiation techniques and their applications in different scientific fields with emphasis on surface science and magnetism. During his career he also held several scientific leadership positions, such as the director of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and he was the founding director of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the world's first x-ray free electron laser.
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them in well-defined beams.
Claudio Pellegrini is an Italian/American physicist known for his pioneering work on X-ray free electron lasers and collective effects in relativistic particle beams.
M. Zahid Hasan is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at Princeton University. His primary research area is quantum physics and quantum topology.
Regina Soufli is a Greek-America physicist and a staff scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in Livermore, California, where she works on the manufacturing and the characterization of materials and thin-film coatings for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray application. The result of her work as the heart of the reflective optics used in EUV lithography, the next-generation in semiconductor manufacturing technology, in satellites such as NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, or on optics for Free-electron lasers such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
The National User Facilities are a set of large-scale scientific facilities maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, whose roles are to provide the scientific community with world-leading scientific instruments to enable research. These facilities are generally free to use, and are open to scientists from all over the world, usually through the submission and evaluation of research proposals.
David Attwood is an American physicist and professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked in the field of synchrotron radiation and free-electron lasers, developing X-ray microscopy techniques for research and for the industry. He is the author of a reference book on soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation.
Saša Bajt is a Slovenian scientist and group leader at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, where she develops multi-layer mirrors for X-ray application such as Laue lenses. . She is a regular collaborator of the European XFEL.
The International Conference on X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) is a biennial international conference on X-ray imaging. The scope includes a range of topics in X-ray imaging, both in the soft and hard X-ray spectrum. Imaging by synchrotron light sources is the dominant topic, but small scale laboratory imaging is also included in many talks and posters. A number of subtopics are covered, including but not limited to X-ray microtomography, Phase-contrast X-ray imaging, Ptychography, and X-ray optics. The conference is typically five days long and held in summer. The conference is organized by an international committee and a local host organization. This local host is in most cases a synchrotron facility or an institute closely connected to a synchrotron. The host of the conference is decided two conferences in advance with a majority vote by all conference attendees. For example, the 14th XRM (2018) was decided during the 12th XRM (2014).
References
- ↑ Sakdinawat, Anne; Attwood, David (2010). "Nanoscale X-ray imaging". Nature Photonics. 4 (12): 840–848. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.267.
- ↑ Attwood, David; Sakdinawat, Anne (16 February 2017). X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications. ISBN 978-1107062894.
- 1 2 SLAC Researcher Receives DOE 'Early Career' Grant to Support X-ray Optics and Imaging
- ↑ David Attwood – UC Berkeley
- ↑ Attwood, David. "Honoring Anne Sakdinawat, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory". OSA: The Optical Society. Archived from the original on 2019-11-02. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ↑ "The Werner Meyer-Ilse Memorial Award - XRM2018 - University of Saskatchewan". xrm2018.usask.ca. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
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