The International Textile Machinery Association (ITMA) exhibition is an event in the textile industry, where manufacturers from around the world gather to showcase their latest developments, innovations, and advancements in textile machinery. It serves as a platform for professionals in the textile supply chain to gain insights into the latest technological advancements and new machinery and devices that can enhance textile manufacturing processes, including the production of fibers, yarns, and the processing and finishing of textile products.
ITMA is not the first of its kind exhibition. In the past, there have been references to exhibitions that are closely associated with it. One of them is the International Cotton Exposition. The International Cotton Exposition was a world fair held in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1881, showcasing the progress made in the city and developments in cotton production since its destruction in the Civil War and symbolizing the end of the Reconstruction Era and sectional tensions in the country. [1] [2]
The first international textile exhibition was held in 1951 at the "Grand Palais de la Foire de Lille" in Lille, France. Since 1951, the event has been held every four years in different countries. [3] [4] [5] [6] Soon the exhibition grew in size and participation of exhibitors. There were only 278 exhibitors at the first ITMA; the number increased to 881 at Basel, held in 1967, which was the fifth event. [4] : 24
Edition | City, Country |
ITMA 1951 | Lille, France [7] [8] : 129 |
ITMA 1955 | Brussels, Belgium [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1959 | Milan, Italy [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1963 | Hannover, Germany [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1967 | Basel, Switzerland [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1971 | Paris, France [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1975 | Milan, Italy [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1979 | Hannover, Germany [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1983 | Milan, Italy [9] : 879 |
ITMA 1987 | Paris, France [10] |
ITMA 1991 | Hannover, Germany [11] |
ITMA 1995 | Milan, Italy [12] |
ITMA 1999 | Paris, France [13] |
ITMA 2003 | Birmingham, United Kingdom [13] |
ITMA 2007 | Munich, Germany [14] |
ITMA 2011 | Barcelona, Spain [15] |
ITMA 2015 | Milan, Italy [16] |
ITMA 2019 | Barcelona, Spain [17] |
ITMA 2023 | Milan, Italy [18] |
ITMA 2027 | Hannover, Germany [19] |
CEMATEX is a consortium of nine national European textile machinery associations that owns ITMA. According to CEMATEX, it is "the world's largest international textile and garment technology exhibition." [20] [21] [22] [23]
Several machine suppliers display machines and textile testing devices at the International Textile Machinery Association exhibition that can make production more efficient and cost-effective. The following are some examples:
ITMA 1967 showcased developments in open-end spinning, [24] and advancements in jet dyeing, [25] Cotton maturity testing devices with near-infrared (NIR) technology were displayed at the 4th International Textile Machinery Association exhibition in Hanover, Germany. [26] At the 12th ITMA, Shima Seiki presented how to knit a whole garment (1995). [27]
The Jacquard machine is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. The resulting ensemble of the loom and Jacquard machine is then called a Jacquard loom. The machine was patented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804, based on earlier inventions by the Frenchmen Basile Bouchon (1725), Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728), and Jacques Vaucanson (1740). The machine was controlled by a "chain of cards"; a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence. Multiple rows of holes were punched on each card, with one complete card corresponding to one row of the design.
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns.
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weave produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck. While a denim predecessor known as dungaree has been produced in India for hundreds of years, denim as it is recognized today was first produced in Nîmes, France.
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time being key controlling factors. The bond between dye molecule and fiber may be strong or weak, depending on the dye used. Dyeing and printing are different applications; in printing, color is applied to a localized area with desired patterns. In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of textiles: yarn, cloth and clothing. The raw material may be natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry.
The Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) is an international professional society, with headquarters in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK, specializing in colour in all its manifestations. Founded in 1884, it was granted a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1963. The SDC is a registered charity.
John Mercer was an English dye and fabric chemist and fabric printer born in Great Harwood, Lancashire. In 1844 he developed a process for treating cotton, mercerisation, that improves many of its qualities for use in fabrics.
The study of the history of clothing and textiles traces the development, use, and availability of clothing and textiles over human history. Clothing and textiles reflect the materials and technologies available in different civilizations at different times. The variety and distribution of clothing and textiles within a society reveal social customs and culture.
Textile recycling is the process of recovering fiber, yarn, or fabric and reprocessing the material into new, useful products. Textile waste is split into pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and is sorted into five different categories derived from a pyramid model. Textiles can be either reused or mechanically/chemically recycled.
The textile and clothing industries provide a single source of growth in Bangladesh's rapidly developing economy. Exports of textiles and garments are the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. By 2002 exports of textiles, clothing, and ready-made garments (RMG) accounted for 77% of Bangladesh's total merchandise exports.
In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finish textile or clothing. The precise meaning depends on context.
A bolt is a piece of cloth woven on a loom or created by a knitting machine, as it is processed, stored and/or marketed. Consequently, its dimensions are highly variable – flexible and dependent upon the manufacturing, machinery, quantity, size, thickness and quality of the product. It is a unit used in manufacturing, transport and inventory. It is also used as a descriptor for wallpaper, which uses different fabrication machinery. Being encompassing, it is by its nature a generic and ambiguous term of convenience and context, used to describe fabric and wallpaper.
Agricultural technology or agrotechnology is the use of technology in agriculture, horticulture, and aquaculture with the aim of improving yield, efficiency, and profitability. Agricultural technology can be products, services or applications derived from agriculture that improve various input/output processes.
Greige goods are loom state woven fabrics, or unprocessed knitted fabrics. Greige goods undergo many subsequent processes, for instance, dyeing, printing, bleaching, and finishing, prior to further converting to finished goods such as clothing, or other textile products. "Grey fabrics" is another term to refer to unfinished woven or knitted fabrics.
Hand feel is the property of fabrics related to the touch that expresses sensory comfort. It refers to the way fabrics feel against the skin or in the hand and conveys information about the cloth's softness and smoothness. Hand feel is an estimated and subjective property of different fabrics, but nowadays, hand feel could be measured and assessed statistically.
Textile performance, also known as fitness for purpose, is a textile's capacity to withstand various conditions, environments, and hazards, qualifying it for particular uses. The performance of textile products influences their appearance, comfort, durability, and protection. Different textile applications require a different set of performance parameters. As a result, the specifications determine the level of performance of a textile product. Textile testing certifies the product's conformity to buying specification. It describes product manufactured for non-aesthetic purposes, where fitness for purpose is the primary criterion. Engineering of high-performance fabrics presents a unique set of challenges.
Scouring is a preparatory treatment of certain textile materials. Scouring removes soluble and insoluble impurities found in textiles as natural, added and adventitious impurities, for example, oils, waxes, fats, vegetable matter, as well as dirt. Removing these contaminants through scouring prepares the textiles for subsequent processes such as bleaching and dyeing. Though a general term, "scouring" is most often used for wool. In cotton, it is synonymously called "boiling out," and in silk, and "boiling off."
Medical textiles are various fiber-based materials intended for medical purposes. Medical textile is a sector of technical textiles that focuses on fiber-based products used in health care applications such as prevention, care, and hygiene. The spectrum of applications of medical textiles ranges from simple cotton bandages to advanced tissue engineering. Common examples of products made from medical textiles include dressings, implants, surgical sutures, certain medical devices, healthcare textiles, diapers, menstrual pads, wipes, and barrier fabrics.
Textile testing is the process of measuring the properties and performance of textile materials—textile testing includes physical and chemical testing of raw materials to finished products.
Cold pad batch (CPB) is a method of dyeing textiles, typically cellulosic fibers such as cotton, in which the textile is impregnated with dye in a cold state, rather than being heated. High dye fixation and no thermal energy are the advantages of the CPB process. CPB-dyed fabrics are less expensive, have a softer hand feel, and have a cleaner surface than exhaust dyed materials. The process may take up to 12 hours in the batching process, depending on the depth of the shade. The disadvantage is that batching is a time-consuming and lengthy process. The process was developed in 1960.