Ionych

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"Ionych"
Avtograf Chekhova k rasskazu "Ionych" 1898.jpg
1898 Chekhov's autograph
Author Anton Chekhov
Original title"Ионыч"
Country Russia
Language Russian
Published inNiva (1898)
Publisher Adolf Marks (1901)
Publication dateAugust 1898

"Ionych" (Russian : Ионыч) is an 1898 short story by Anton Chekhov.

Russian language East Slavic language

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although, nowadays, nearly three decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia, the rise of state-specific varieties of this language tends to be strongly denied in Russia, in line with the Russian World ideology.

Anton Chekhov Russian dramatist, author and physician

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov practiced as a medical doctor throughout most of his literary career: "Medicine is my lawful wife", he once said, "and literature is my mistress."

Contents

Publication

The story was published in the No. 9, September 1898 issue of the Monthly Literary Supplements to Niva magazine. In a slightly revised version, Chekhov included it into Volume 9 of the 1899–1901, first edition the Collected Works by A.P. Chekhov, published by Adolf Marks. [1]

<i>Niva</i> (magazine) Russian magazine

Niva (Grainfield) was the most popular magazine of late-nineteenth-century Russia; it lasted from 1870 to 1918, and defined itself on its masthead as "an illustrated weekly journal of literature, politics and modern life." Niva was the first of the "thin magazines," illustrated weeklies that "contrasted with the more serious and ideologically focused monthly 'thick journals' intended for the educated reader."

Adolf Marks Russian-German publisher

Adolf Fyodorovich Marx, last name also spelled Marcks and recently Marks, known as A. F. Marx, was an influential 19th-century German publisher in Russia best known for the weekly journal Niva. He obtained Russian citizenship.

Background

The story, written in Nice, France, in the early 1898, was originally intended for Russkaya Mysl . Chekhov opted against sending the manuscript by post and, upon returning home, in May, handed it to Vukol Lavrov. Then he suddenly changed his mind and in a 6 June letter asked Viktor Goltsev to send it back, saying it was not fit for Russkaya Mysl. On 10 June he received the galley proofs and the same day sent it to Niva. This magazine's editor Rostislav Sementkovsky was apparently pleasantly surprised and flattered. "I've read your story with immense delight and, needless to say, all your wishes will be met," he wrote Chekhov in an 18 June letter.

Nice Prefecture and commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur, France

Nice is the seventh most populous urban area in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes département. The metropolitan area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of 721 km2 (278 sq mi). Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the French-Italian border. Nice's airport serves as a gateway to the region.

France Republic with mainland in Europe and numerous oversea territories

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland and Italy to the east, and Andorra and Spain to the south. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.3 million. France, a sovereign state, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban areas include Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lille and Nice.

Vukol Lavrov Russian journalist and translator

Vukol Mikhaylovich Lavrov was a Russian journalist, publisher, editor and translator.

Plot

The Angel over the F.D. Kotopuli Vault, the latter known also as the Demetti Grave, at the Taganrog Old Cemetery. It was here that doctor Startsev once found himself at midnight, full of blissful, short-lived excitement, waiting for his beloved Kotik in vain Skul'pura angela na sklepe F.D. Kotopuli, v reestre mogila Dimetta.jpg
The Angel over the F.D. Kotopuli Vault, the latter known also as the Demetti Grave, at the Taganrog Old Cemetery. It was here that doctor Startsev once found himself at midnight, full of blissful, short-lived excitement, waiting for his beloved Kotik in vain

Doctor Dmitry Ionovich Startsev comes to the provincial town S., to work for the local zemstvo. He starts visiting the Turkin family, considered to be the pride of the town, where the husband runs a small amateur theatre, the wife writes novels and their beautiful daughter Ekaterina (known informally as Kotik, which means Kittie) plays the piano, preparing herself for the conservatory. Unlike the majority of the townsfolk, Startsev does not take this acme of the local cultural life seriously, yet Kotik, full of charm, naivety and youthful spirits, easily conquers his heart. Before making the proposal, he even takes a midnight trip to the town's old graveyard [note 1] where she'd jovially made a mock appointment with him, and even finds this silly adventure delightful. She is full of ambitions, though, and refuses him. For three days Startsev suffers greatly, then learns that she indeed had departed from the town to enroll into the conservatory, settles down into normalcy and soon all but forgets her, remembering his momentary madness with mild amusement.

Zemstvo

A zemstvo was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Nikolay Milyutin elaborated the idea of the zemstva, and the first zemstvo laws went into effect in 1864. After the October Revolution the zemstvo system was shut down by the Bolsheviks and replaced with a multilevel system of workers' and peasants' councils ("soviets").

Music school or a school devoted to other arts such as dance

A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music. Such an institution can also be known as a school of music, music academy, music faculty, college of music, music department, conservatory or conservatoire. Instruction consists of training in the performance of musical instruments, singing, musical composition, conducting, musicianship, as well as academic and research fields such as musicology, music history and music theory.

Four years on, and Startsev is now a respected medical man, who owns a troika. Ekaterina returns to the town. She looks better than ever, and her musical ambitions are left behind. Still, the naivety and freshness are gone. As the two meet, she eagerly tries to re-awaken his interest in her, but Startsev remains unresponsive. Now everything about the family irritates him and he is very glad he'd not married. Ignoring her insistent attempts at making him again regular visitor, he never sets foot in the Turkin's house again.

Troika (driving)

A troika is a traditional Russian harness driving combination, using three horses abreast, usually pulling a sleigh. It differs from most other three-horse combinations in that the horses are harnessed abreast. The middle horse is usually harnessed in a horse collar and shaft bow; the side horses are usually in breastcollar harness. The troika is traditionally driven so that the middle horse trots and the side horses canter; the right-hand horse will be on the right lead and the left-hand horse on the left lead. The troika is often claimed to be the world's only harness combination with different gaits of the horses.

Several more years pass. Startsev now is a rich man with vast practice, whose only enjoyments are playing Vint and collecting money from patients. In his troika, shouting at cabmen around him, he looks like a 'pagan god'. Owning two houses and an estate, he is now fat, irascible, and generally indifferent to the world around him. People refer to him as 'Ionych', which implies a mixture of familiarity and slight contempt. And the Turkins are the same as they were years before: the husband runs a little theatre, entertaining his guests with well-rehearsed humour, the wife reads aloud her novels, and Ekaterina still likes to play her piano very loud. It's just that she looks now much older and, her health deteriorating, each autumn takes a trip to the Crimea.

Vint is a Russian card-game, similar to both bridge and whist and it is sometimes referred to as Russian whist. Vint means a screw in Russian, and the name is given to the game because the four players, each in turn, propose, bid and overbid each other until one, having bid higher than the others care to follow, makes the trump, and his vis-a-vis plays as his partner.

Reception

The story was warmly received. The most detailed and, in retrospect, insightful review came from D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky, who, writing for Zhurnal Dlya Vsekh , [2] hailed Chekhov as "an independent force blazing in literature the trail of its own". The critic subjected to thorough analysis Chekhov's method who "...never gives us a well-worked, all-round portrait of his characters... Just provides one, two, three strokes and then backs this sketch up with a kind of see-through, unusually subtle and to shrewd psychological analysis". Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky considered "Ionych" the most perfect, complete example of Chekhov's art. [1]

Notes

  1. The exact meeting place was supposed to be the so-called Demetti Monument: this detail points to Taganrog as being the Town S.

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References

  1. 1 2 Rodionova, V.M. Commentaries to Ионыч. The Works by A.P. Chekhov in 12 volumes. Khudozhestvennaya Literatura. Moscow, 1960. Vol. 8, pp. 541-543
  2. Журнал для всех, 1899, №2, 3, февраль-март