Iratais Point

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Location of Desolation Island in the South Shetland Islands. Desolation-Island-location-map.png
Location of Desolation Island in the South Shetland Islands.
Iratais Point (behind Wood Island in the foreground) from Zemen Knoll, Livingston Island. Iratais-Desolation.jpg
Iratais Point (behind Wood Island in the foreground) from Zemen Knoll, Livingston Island.
Topographic map of Livingston Island. Livingston-Island-Map-2010-15.png
Topographic map of Livingston Island.

Iratais Point (Nos Iratais \'nos i-ra-'ta-is\) is a point forming both the south extremity and the vertex of the V-shaped Desolation Island situated in the entrance to Hero Bay, Livingston Island, Antarctica. Separated from Miladinovi Islets to the south by Neck or Nothing Passage.

Desolation Island (South Shetland Islands)

Desolation Island is one of the minor islands in the South Shetlands archipelago, Antarctica situated at the entrance to Hero Bay, Livingston Island. The island is V-shaped with its northern coast indented by Kozma Cove. Surface area 3.12 square kilometres (1.20 sq mi).

Livingston Island Island of the South Shetland Islands

Livingston Island is an Antarctic island, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago in the Southern Ocean. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.

Antarctica Polar continent in the Earths southern hemisphere

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Contents

The feature is named after Kavhan (hereditary viceroy function) Iratais, governor of the southern Bulgarian Black Sea region under Khan Krum the Horrible (9th century AD).

A viceroy is an official who runs a country, colony, city, province, or sub-national state, in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roy, meaning "king". A viceroy's territory may be called a viceroyalty, though this term is not always applied. The adjective form is viceregal, less often viceroyal. The term vicereine is sometimes used to indicate a female viceroy suo jure, although viceroy can serve as a gender-neutral term. Vicereine is more commonly used to indicate a viceroy's wife.

Bulgaria country in Southeast Europe

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

Black Sea Marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and Asia

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between the Balkans, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Southern Bug, Dniester, Don, and the Rioni. Many countries drain into the Black Sea, including Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey and Ukraine.

Location

The point is located at 62°28′10″S60°20′16″W / 62.46944°S 60.33778°W / -62.46944; -60.33778 Coordinates: 62°28′10″S60°20′16″W / 62.46944°S 60.33778°W / -62.46944; -60.33778 which is 3.33 km south-southeast of Cape Danger, 10.55 km west-southwest of Williams Point, 9.75 km north-northeast of Siddins Point and 23.27 km east by south of Cape Shirreff (British mapping in 1968, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

Cape Danger

Cape Danger is the rocky point forming the northwest extremity of the ice-free Desolation Island situated in the entrance to Hero Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The cape forms the west side of the entrance to Kozma Cove. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Blythe Bay.

Williams Point

Williams Point is the point forming both the north extremity of Varna Peninsula and the northeast tip of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Separated from Zed Islands to the north by Iglika Passage.

Maps

International Standard Book Number Unique numeric book identifier

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Amadok Point

Amadok Point is a point on the south coast of Livingston Island, Antarctica which projects 400 m into the Bransfield Strait. The point was named after the Thracian King Amadokos, 415-384 BC. It is snow-free in the summer.

Eliseyna Cove cove

Eliseyna Cove is a 3 km wide cove indenting for 1.4 km in the northwest coast of Varna Peninsula between Slab Point to the north and Kotis Point to the south. The cove is named after the Iskar Gorge settlement of Eliseyna in western Bulgaria.

Melta Point

Melta Point is a rocky point on the coast of Hero Bay, Livingston Island, formed by an offshoot of Teres Ridge. Adjacent ice-free area 116 hectares. The point is named after the ancient Melta, ancestor of the present town of Lovech in Northern Bulgaria. This is one of the Bulgarian names bestowed on hitherto nameless geographical features by the Tangra 2004/05 Expedition.

Ogosta Point

Ogosta Point is located in the central part of Zagore Beach on the east coast of False Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Situated on Rozhen Peninsula 5.35 km north of Barnard Point, 4.4 km west of St. Methodius Peak and 3.45 km east of Castro Peak. The point is named after the Ogosta River in Bulgaria.

Pomorie Point

Pomorie Point is a point on the coast of McFarlane Strait forming the north side of the entrance to Lister Cove, Varna Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Spanish Point (Antarctica)

Spanish Point is located on Bulgarian Beach on Hurd Peninsula, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica formed by an offshoot of Spanish Knoll.

Struma Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Struma Glacier is a glacier in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated south of lower Kaliakra Glacier and north of Huron Glacier. Bounded by Melnik Ridge to the north, Yankov Gap to the west and Bowles Ridge to the south, it is 4.8 km long and 1.5 km wide, and flows eastwards into Moon Bay south of Sindel Point and north of Elemag Point.

Avitohol Point

Avitohol Point is a point on the north coast of Livingston Island, Antarctica projecting 1.15 km into Hero Bay to form the west side of the entrance to Skravena Cove and the southeast side of the entrance to Prisoe Cove. The point is named after the legendary Khan Avitohol listed in the 8th Century ‘Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans’, who laid the foundations of the Bulgarian statehood in Europe in 165 AD.

Miladinovi Islets

Miladinovi Islets is a group of two small rocky islands, 500 by 370 m, and 350 by 200 m respectively, situated 300 m (330 yd) south of Iratais Point on Desolation Island off the north coast of Livingston Island, Antarctica. The islands are separated from Desolation Island by Neck or Nothing Passage. The area was frequented by early nineteenth century English and American sealers operating from the adjacent Blythe Bay.

Elemag Point

Elemag Point is a point on the coast of Moon Bay in Livingston Island, Antarctica situated 6.75 km south-southwest of Edinburgh Hill, 1.76 km southeast of Sindel Point, 3.05 km east of Sliven Peak, 2.05 km northeast of Zlatograd Rock, and 5,57 km northwest of Rila Point. Separates the glacier termini of Struma Glacier to the north and Huron Glacier to the south. Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05.

Gela Point

Gela Point is a point on the west side of the entrance to Chavei Cove on the southeast coast of Rozhen Peninsula on Livingston Island, Antarctica formed by an offshoot of Yambol Peak. Situated on the coast of Bransfield Strait 5.1 km east-northeast of Botev Point, 700 m east-southeast of Yambol Peak, and 4.1 km west-southwest of Samuel Point. Formed as a result of recent retreat of the adjacent Prespa Glacier to the northeast. Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05. Named after the settlement of Gela in the central Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria.

Ballester Point

Ballester Point is a point forming the south side of the entrance to Johnsons Dock and the northeast side of the entrance to Española Cove in Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from Johnsons Dock.

Lukovit Point headland on Livingston Island

Lukovit Point is an ice-free point on the coast of Hero Bay, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the west side of the entrance to Maleshevo Cove. Situated 2.74 km west-southwest of Siddins Point, 3.27 km east by north of Atanasova Point and 5.6 km east of Kuklen Point. Shape enhanced as a result of the retreat of Tundzha Glacier in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Spanish mapping in 1991, Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009. Named after the town of Lukovit in northern Bulgaria.

Kuklen Point

Kuklen Point is a point forming the east side of the entrance to Skravena Cove on the coast of Hero Bay, Livingston Island. It is situated 2.13 km southeast of Avitohol Point, 5.6 km west of Lukovit Point and 2.4 km west of Atanasova Point. Bulgarian early mapping in 2009. Named after the town of Kuklen in southern Bulgaria.

Bilyar Point

Bilyar Point is a rounded ice-free point on Ivanov Beach in western Livingston Island, the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica projecting 350 m into Barclay Bay. Situated 3 km southwest of Rowe Point, northwest of Rotch Dome, 1.7 km northeast of Nedelya Point and 4.5 km east-northeast of Lair Point.

Yana Point

Yana Point is the point forming the west side of the entrance to Bruix Cove in eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The point separates the glacier termini of Huron Glacier to the northwest and Iskar Glacier to the southeast. The feature is named after the settlement of Yana in western Bulgaria.

Dunbar Islands

The Dunbar Islands are a small group of islands lying off Varna Peninsula southwest of Williams Point, the northeast extremity of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica comprising the islands of Aspis, Balsha, Melyane, Pogledets and Zavala, and several minor islets and rocks. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

Burel Hill

Burel Hill is an ice-free hill rising 152 metres (499 ft) in the northwest part of Desolation Island off Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It surmounts Kozma Cove to the east, and Hero Bay to the south and southwest.

Yasen Point

Yasen Point is the sharp, rocky point on the south coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, forming the west side of the entrance to Mateev Cove. Situated on the east side of the small ice-free promontory ending in Hannah Point to the west.

References

Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica The authoritative international gazetteer containing all the Antarctic toponyms

The Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (CGA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is the authoritative international gazetteer containing all Antarctic toponyms published in national gazetteers, plus basic information about those names and the relevant geographical features. The Gazetteer includes also parts of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) gazetteer for under-sea features situated south of 60° south latitude.

This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.