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A biosignature is any substance – such as an element, isotope, or molecule – or phenomenon that provides scientific evidence of past or present life. Measurable attributes of life include its complex physical or chemical structures and its use of free energy and the production of biomass and wastes. A biosignature can provide evidence for living organisms outside the Earth and can be directly or indirectly detected by searching for their unique byproducts.
Nakhla is a Martian meteorite which fell in Egypt in 1911. It was the first meteorite reported from Egypt, the first one to suggest signs of aqueous processes on Mars, and the prototype for Nakhlite type of meteorites.
Jillian Fiona Banfield is Professor at the University of California, Berkeley with appointments in the Earth Science, Ecosystem Science and Materials Science and Engineering departments. She leads the Microbial Research initiative within the Innovative Genomics Institute, is affiliated with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and has a position at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Some of her most noted work includes publications on the structure and functioning of microbial communities and the nature, properties and reactivity of nanomaterials.
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Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) is an ultraviolet Raman spectrometer that uses fine-scale imaging and an ultraviolet (UV) laser to determine fine-scale mineralogy, and detect organic compounds designed for the Perseverance rover as part of the Mars 2020 mission. It was constructed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory with major subsystems being delivered from Malin Space Science Systems and Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Principal Investigator is Luther Beegle, and the Deputy Principal Investigator is Rohit Bhartia.
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The deep carbon cycle is geochemical cycle (movement) of carbon through the Earth's mantle and core. It forms part of the carbon cycle and is intimately connected to the movement of carbon in the Earth's surface and atmosphere. By returning carbon to the deep Earth, it plays a critical role in maintaining the terrestrial conditions necessary for life to exist. Without it, carbon would accumulate in the atmosphere, reaching extremely high concentrations over long periods of time.
The deep biosphere is the part of the biosphere that resides below the first few meters of the surface. It extends down at least 5 kilometers below the continental surface and 10.5 kilometers below the sea surface, at temperatures that may reach beyond 120 °C, which is comparable to the maximum temperature where a metabolically active organism has been found. It includes all three domains of life and the genetic diversity rivals that on the surface.
References
- ↑ Klingler, Cécile (2019-01-03). "Isabelle Daniel". La Recherche. 545: 4–8.
- ↑ "DANIEL Isabelle — Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Terre, Planètes, Environnement". lgltpe.ens-lyon.fr (in French). Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- 1 2 "EMU EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (2016–2020)" (PDF). European Mineralogical Union. April 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Isabelle Daniel". Loop. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- 1 2 "DCO Scientific Steering Committees | Deep Carbon Observatory". deepcarbon.net. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ↑ "2018 Deep Carbon Science Conference GRC". www.grc.org. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ↑ Redfern, Simon (2013-12-13). "Hydrogen is squeezed from stone". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ↑ "ISTerre - Isabelle DANIEL". www.isterre.fr (in French). Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ↑ "Daniel, Isabelle". info.deepcarbon.net. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
