19 February 1942 –20 August 1942
Vitéz István Horthy de Nagybánya (9 December 1904 –20 August 1942) was Hungarian regent Admiral Miklós Horthy's eldest son,a politician,and,during World War II,a fighter pilot.
In his youth,István Horthy and his younger brother Miklós Jr. were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association),even though he was a Protestant. [1] Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the Ford factory in Detroit,Michigan.
Returning to the Kingdom of Hungary,he worked in MÁVAG's locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team,he took part in the development of many great projects,such as the Class 424. Between 1934 and 1938,Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940,he married Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai.
István was pro-Western,and he strenuously confronted Nazism,often making his criticism public,despite Hungary being a part of the Axis. In January 1942,he had been elected Deputy Regent,and for some time,the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter,István was sent to the Eastern Front. His humanity,and his disagreement in the "Jewish question" appears even here,too –a quote from one of his letters,which he sent to his father from Kyiv,Soviet Ukraine:"[...] Yet another sad topic:the Jewish companies,as I hear,-there 20 or 30,000 [men]-,are at the mercy of the sadist's passions,in every regard;the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this];it is abhorrent,that in the 20th century,it happens at us,too... [...] I fear,we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise,in spring,only a few will be alive. [...]" [2]
István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August,according to other authors), [3] [4] He was then serving in the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő),MKHL,with the rank of 1/Lt,as a fighter pilot. His unit,1/3 Fighter Squadron,was supporting the Hungarian Second Army against Soviet forces. He was flying his MÁVAG Héja I ("Hawk I"),V.421,a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I. During his 25th operational sortie,soon after takeoff from an airfield near Ilovskoye,the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to stalls after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots,but shifting the plane's center of gravity) stalled and crashed. [5] According to other sources,his aircraft entered a flat spin after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a He 46 reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had sabotaged his aircraft. [6] [7]
His only son,Sharif István Horthy,is a physicist and architect.
Hungary honoured István Horthy by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942. [8]
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Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya II was the younger son of Hungarian regent Admiral Miklós Horthy and,until the end of World War II,a politician.
Ferenc Szálasi was a Hungarian military officer,politician and leader of the Arrow Cross Party who headed the government of Hungary during the country's occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Warrant Officer DezsőSzentgyörgyi was the highest scoring Hungarian fighter ace of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd Air Force in World War II.
The Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I was an Italian all metal,low-wing monoplane developed and manufactured by aircraft company Reggiane. The type was used by the Regia Aeronautica and the Swedish Air Force during the first part of the Second World War.
Hungarian pengőcoins were part of the physical form of Hungary's historical currency,the Hungarian pengő. Initially,higher value coins were made of silver to reflect value and stability. Later,during the second world war,these coins were replaced first by banknotes and later by aluminium coins. By the end of 1945,pengőcoins completely lost their value due to rampant inflation.
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The MÁVAG Héja ("Hawk") was a Hungarian fighter aircraft of World War II based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000. The 70 Re.2000s delivered from Italy were converted into MÁVAG Héja Is by being fitted with Hungarian-built Weiss Manfréd WM K-14 engines,armor for the pilot,an additional fuel tank,and being modified in various other ways. The MÁVAG Héja II was an entirely Hungarian-made fighter developed from the Héja I,but with even more changes,including replacing the Italian machine guns with better Hungarian ones and installing a more powerful Hungarian engine.
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The regent of Hungary was a position established in 1446 and renewed in 1920. It was held by Admiral Miklós Horthy until 1944. Under Hungary's constitution there were two regents,one a regent of the ruling house,called the Nádor,and another called "Kormányzó". As the Entente had banned the legitimate Nádor from taking his place,the choice fell on electing a governor-regent:Admiral Horthy was chosen. Thus,he was regent of the post-World War I state called the Kingdom of Hungary and served as the head of state in the absence of a monarch,while a prime minister served as head of government. Horthy was styled "His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary".
István Horthy de Nagybánya II is a Hungarian physicist and architect,son of Hungarian deputy regent István Horthy and Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai,and grandson of Admiral Miklós Horthy who served as Regent of Hungary from 1920 to 1944. In 1965 he converted to Islam and took the name Sharif Horthy. Horthy is a prominent member of the Indonesian spiritual association Subud,and has translated works by its founder,Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo,into English.
Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai de Marosnémethi et Nádaska was a Hungarian noblewoman and wife of István Horthy,son of Regent Miklós Horthy and Deputy Regent of Hungary for a short time in 1942.
The House of Elefánthy were one of the oldest noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary. At their peak during the Middle Ages the family rose to an influential and wealthy position.
Lieutenant Lajos Tóth was one of the most successful fighter pilots of the Royal Hungarian Air Force in the Second World War. He scored 24 aerial victories against the Soviet Air Force and an additional four against the United States Air Force for a total of 28 confirmed kills. After the war he voluntarily repatriated from exile in the United States to serve in the aerial combat arm of the Hungarian People's Army but was ultimately arrested and executed in one of the "salami" show trials in 1951.
The Weiss Manfréd WM-23 Ezüst Nyíl was a Hungarian fighter aircraft of World War II developed by the Manfréd Weiss Steel and Metal Works. Designed by Samu Béla and his team,the WM-23 was an entirely Hungarian design with retractable landing gear,a three-bladed variable-pitch propeller,a closed canopy,inverted gull wings and an elliptical low-wing design. Development started in summer 1939 with one prototype produced and test flown. Demonstrating good flying characteristics and generally being considered an excellent design,the WM-23 was planned to enter mass production. However,the prototype was destroyed on 21 April 1942,and by this time the MÁVAG Héja fighter was being used which acceptably filled the intended role of the WM-23. Therefore,it was decided to not allocate further resources to completing the project,and to cancel it.
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