Italian National Agency for the Deaf

Last updated
Ente Nazionale Sordi (ENS)
Ente Nazionale per la protezione e l'assistenza dei Sordi ETS APS
Formation24 September 1932
Type Non-profit organization
PurposeProtection, assistance, and social integration of deaf people in Italy
HeadquartersVia Gregorio VII, 120, Rome, Italy
Location
  • Italy
Area served
Italy
ServicesAdvocacy, support services, promotion of LIS, cultural activities
Members22,258 (as of 2022) [1]
Key people
Raffaele Angelo Cagnazzo (President, as of 2021)
Staff17 (central office) [2]
Website www.ens.it

The Italian National Agency for the protection and assistance of the Deaf (ENS) is the oldest and principal national association representing the deaf community in Italy. Founded in 1932, its mission is to protect the rights of deaf individuals, promote their social integration, autonomy, and full human development. As of 16 June 2022, it is registered in the National Single Register of the Third Sector as a social promotion association. ENS is also a member of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) and European Union of the Deaf (EUD, 1985 [3] ).

Contents

History

Foundation

The ENS was established on 24 September 1932, in Padua, through the merger of several existing deaf associations, with the aim of creating a single national body to represent Italian deaf people. [4] The initiative was spearheaded by Antonio Magarotto, who cleverly circumvented a ban on national deaf conventions imposed by the Fascist regime by convening representatives under the pretext of celebrating the seventh centenary of the death of Anthony of Padua. [4] During this meeting (24–26 September 1932), after intense discussions between previously rival federations, the "Pact of Padua" was signed, establishing the unified body.

At the beginning of the deaf association movement, deaf individuals in Italy faced significant legal and social discrimination, often being considered legally incompetent and excluded from many civil rights and educational opportunities outside of religious institutions or private tutoring. [4] The social approach to deafness began to change in Italy from 1784, following the pioneering work of educator Tommaso Silvestri, leading to the establishment of schools for the deaf in Rome and other cities.

Early Associations and Unification

The first known mutual aid society for the deaf in Italy was the Società di mutuo soccorso Cardano, founded in Milan in 1874. This spurred the creation of similar societies in Turin, Genoa, and elsewhere. [4] The first international congress of the deaf-mute was held in Rome in 1911. After World War I, efforts to reconnect these associations were led by Giuseppe Enrico Prestini, culminating in the establishment of the Unione Italiana Sordomuti in Rome. A 1920 congress in Genoa led to the formation of the Federazione italiana delle associazioni fra i sordomuti (FIAS). [4]

A subsequent congress in Rome in 1922 outlined key demands: compulsory education, job placement, and legal assistance for deaf workers. In 1923, largely due to FIAS's advocacy, Italy passed a law mandating compulsory education for the deaf. However, disagreements over program priorities and fundamental concepts related to deafness led to a schism, with some societies forming a rival national body, the Unione sordomuti italiani, in 1924. These divisions deepened, with separate congresses defining differing approaches: one emphasizing the distinct cultural identity of the deaf, the other focusing on integration and bridging the gap with the hearing world. In 1930, the Fascist government banned national conventions for deaf associations, a prohibition circumvented by Magarotto's 1932 Padua meeting which led to the ENS's foundation. [4]

Official recognition for the ENS came with Law No. 889 of 12 May 1942, which established it as a Ente morale (a type of public organization). [5] [6] A crucial prior achievement, influenced by the unified efforts, was the 1938 abrogation of Italian Civil Code provisions that legally incapacitated deaf individuals, granting them full legal capacity and civil rights. [4]

Law No. 698 of 21 August 1950, strongly advocated by then-director Cesare Magarotto (son of Antonio), reorganized the ENS, recognizing it as a public law legal entity responsible for representing and protecting all Italian deaf individuals. [6] Following administrative decentralization (DPR 616/1977), the ENS, like other historical disability associations, was transformed into a private law moral entity in 1979, while retaining its nationally recognized roles of representation and protection. [6]

A significant legislative victory for the deaf community, resulting from ENS advocacy, was Law No. 95 of 20 February 2006, which officially replaced the term sordomuto (deaf-mute) with sordo (deaf) in all Italian legislation. [4]

Mission

The core mission of the ENS is to promote the social integration, identity, autonomy, and full human potential of deaf people within Italian society. It acts as the primary national body for the protection and assistance of the deaf community. [6] The ENS is registered in the National Single Register of the Third Sector (RUNTS) as a social promotion association. [4] Its functions include representing and safeguarding the rights of individuals with hearing disabilities, as mandated by its founding legislation and subsequent decrees. [6]

The ENS is also recognized as a Meritorious Association by the Italian Paralympic Committee (CIP) and is registered in the roster of Universal Civil Service entities. [6]

Organization

The ENS operates nationally through a network of 104 provincial sections, 18 regional councils, and various local and inter-municipal representations. [2]

Central Bodies

Peripheral Bodies

The ENS provincial headquarters in Florence Via manzoni 13, ente nazionale sordi, sede di fi, 01.JPG
The ENS provincial headquarters in Florence

Thematic Areas

The ENS organizes its activities into several key areas, including:

Specialized Centers

Affiliations

The ENS is a founding member of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), established in Rome in 1951 and recognized by major international organizations, including the United Nations. It has also been a member of the European Union of the Deaf (EUD) since 1985 and aligns its activities with European Union directives. [4]

Nationally, ENS is a founding member of FAND (Federazione tra le associazioni nazionali delle persone con disabilità), a federation of historical Italian disability advocacy organizations, alongside UICI (Italian Union of the Blind and Partially Sighted), ANMIC (National Association of Mutilated and Invalid Civilians), ANMIL (National Association of Workers Mutilated and Disabled at Work), and UNMS (National Union of Mutilated for Service). [4] The ENS is also a member of the FID (Forum Italiano sulla Disabilità), the European Disability Forum (EDF), and the Forum Nazionale del Terzo Settore. [4]

Members

Membership numbers over the years include:

Presidents

Congresses

The ENS holds national congresses to discuss policy and elect leadership. Notable recent congresses include:

Museum and Archive

Within its headquarters, the ENS maintains a museum dedicated to the pioneers who founded both the ENS and the World Federation of the Deaf. It also houses an archive of historical documents, photographs, and a periodical library (emeroteca). [4]

Comics

In 2019, the graphic novel Fratelli di Silenzio was published, recounting the story of Antonio Magarotto and the founding of the unified national organization for deaf Italians. [32]

Journal

Parole & Segni was a bimonthly Italian magazine published by ENS for its members. [33] It provided information on deafness, relevant legislation, association news, activities of provincial sections and the youth committee, sports, and cultural topics.

See also


References

  1. 1 2 "Bilancio Sociale ENS 2022" (PDF). ENS.it (in Italian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  2. 1 2 "Bilancio sociale 2020" (PDF). ENS.it (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  3. ↑ EUD: Italy 1985 Archived 2014-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Storia dell'ENS". ENS.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  5. ↑ "Storia dei Sordi: Il riconoscimento legislativo dell'ENS: Legge storica 12 maggio 1942, n.889". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "ENS: Forma giuridica". ENS.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Corte dei Conti - Statistiche 2012 pag. 9" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  8. ↑ "Corte dei Conti: Determinazione e relazione sul risultato del controllo eseguito sulla gestione finanziaria dell'ENTE NAZIONALE PER LA PROTEZIONE ED ASSISTENZA DEI SORDI – ORGANIZZAZIONE NON LUCRATIVA DI UTILITÀ SOCIALE Onlus (ENS – Onlus) 2011-2015" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Senato.it - Relazione contributi annuale associazioni disabili anno 2012
  10. ↑ Camera.it - Relazione annuale contributi in favore delle associazioni Anno 2013 p. 174
  11. ↑ Senato.it - Relazione contributi anno 2014 p. 140
  12. ↑ Senato.it - p.18 RELAZIONE - CONCERNENTE IL CONTRIBUTO STATALE A FAVORE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DI PROMOZIONE SOCIALE (Anno 2015)
  13. ↑ "RELAZIONE DELLA CORTE DEI CONTI AL PARLAMENTO - Esercizio 2017 (pagina 4)" (PDF) (in Italian).
  14. ↑ "Relazione attività 2018 Assemblea Nazionale" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  15. ↑ "Relazione sociopolitica sulle attività 2019 - pag. 81" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  16. ↑ "Bilancio Sociale ENS 2020" (PDF) (in Italian).
  17. ↑ "Bilancio Sociale ENS 2021" (PDF) (in Italian).
  18. ↑ "In ricordo del Comm. Giovanni De Carlis…". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian).
  19. ↑ "Nuovo riconoscimento in memoria di Giovanni De Carlis. (Newsletter della Storia dei Sordi n. 699 dell'8 giugno 2009)". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian).
  20. ↑ "Obituary Furio Bonora". La Provincia Pavese (in Italian). 13 May 2005. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  21. ↑ "Storia della Camera dei Deputati della Repubblica Italiana". dati.camera.it (in Italian).
  22. ↑ "INVALIDI A PALAZZO CHIGI "GIU' LE MANI DALL'INDENNITA"". La Repubblica (in Italian). 20 September 1994. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  23. ↑ "Guerra dei presidenti dentro l'Ente Nazionale Sordi". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). 26 August 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  24. ↑ "Storia dei Sordi: La Presidente Ida Collu, il mio ricordo indelebile del suo ruolo politico". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  25. 1 2 "Post regarding ENS Presidents". Vlog33.it (Facebook) (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2025.
  26. ↑ "Storia dei Sordi: Sordi Italiani al 23º Congresso ENS (Newsletter della Storia dei Sordi n. 558 dell'8 ottobre 2008)". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian).
  27. ↑ "Storia dei Sordi: XXIV Congresso ENS con in mano il futuro". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian).
  28. ↑ "SordiOnLine: Il Presidente Petrucci apre i lavori del XXV Congresso Nazionale dell'Ente Nazionale Sordi" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  29. ↑ "ANMIL al XXVI Congresso Nazionale Ente Naz. Sordi". ANMIL (in Italian).
  30. ↑ "XXVII Congresso Nazionale ENS, 12/13/14/15 maggio 2022". ENS.it (in Italian).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ↑ "Convocazione straordinaria del XXVIII Congresso Nazionale ENS". ENS.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  32. ↑ "Fratelli di Silenzio. La storia di Antonio Magarotto". storiadeisordi.it (in Italian).
  33. ↑ "Rivista Parole e Segni" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
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