Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing to beginners. To use phonics is to teach the relationship between the sounds of the spoken language (phonemes),and the letters (graphemes) or groups of letters or syllables of the written language. Phonics is also known as the alphabetic principle or the alphabetic code. It can be used with any writing system that is alphabetic,such as that of English,Russian,and most other languages. Phonics is also sometimes used as part of the process of teaching Chinese people to read and write Chinese characters,which are not alphabetic,using pinyin,which is alphabetic.
Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly,funded and overseen by federal,provincial,and local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education,followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Canada has a large number of universities,almost all of which are publicly funded. Established in 1663,UniversitéLaval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. Four universities are regularly ranked among the top 100 world-wide,namely University of Toronto,University of British Columbia,McGill University,and McMaster University,with a total of 18 universities ranked in the top 500 worldwide.
In contemporary education,mathematics education—known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics—is the practice of teaching,learning,and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.
Education in Japan is managed by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. Education is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels.
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics,science,and reading. It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years. Its aim is to provide comparable data with a view to enabling countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. It measures problem solving and cognition.
Education policy consists of the principles and policy decisions that influence the field of education,as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. Education governance may be shared between the local,state,and federal government at varying levels. Some analysts see education policy in terms of social engineering.
Soft skills,also known as power skills,common skills,essential skills,or core skills,are psychosocial skills generally applicable to all professions. These include critical thinking,problem solving,public speaking,professional writing,teamwork,digital literacy,leadership,professional attitude,work ethic,career management and intercultural fluency. This is in contrast to hard skills,which are specific to individual professions.
The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)'s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is a series of international assessments of the mathematics and science knowledge of students around the world. The participating students come from a diverse set of educational systems in terms of economic development,geographical location,and population size. In each of the participating educational systems,a minimum of 4,000 to 5,000 students is evaluated. Contextual data about the conditions in which participating students learn mathematics and science are collected from the students and their teachers,their principals,and their parents via questionnaires.
The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER),established in 1930,is an independent educational research organisation based in Camberwell,Victoria (Melbourne) and with offices in Adelaide,Brisbane,Dubai,Jakarta,London,New Delhi,Perth and Sydney. ACER develops and manages a range of testing and assessment services and conducts research and analysis in the education sector.
Stephen Webb Raudenbush is the Lewis-Sebring Professor of Sociology and Chairman of the Committee on Education at the University of Chicago. He is best known for his development and application of hierarchical linear models (HLM) in the field of education but he has also published on other subjects such as health and crime. Hierarchical linear models,which go by many other names,are used to study many natural processes. To use an example from education,a three level hierarchical model might account for the fact that students are nested in classrooms which are nested in schools. With the right data one could go further and note that schools are nested in districts which are nested in states. Repeated measures of the same individuals can be studied with these models as observations nested in people.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols,often specifically those of a written language,by means of sight or touch.
Andreas Schleicher is a German mathematician,statistician and researcher in the field of education who is currently the director for education and skills,and special adviser on education policy to the secretary-general,at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris.
Independent Public Schools (IPS) refers to an education reform first introduced in Western Australia in 2009 by the state's Department of Education. An independent public school is a state/public school that,while a part of the state education system,has been granted a higher degree of decision-making authority than a regular,non-independent state school. The term,Independent Public School,has been increasingly used by other state governments in Australia,such as Queensland,to label similar reforms to the governance of their state schools. Federal Australian governments also use the term Independent Public Schools. In February 2014 the Federal Education Minister,Christopher Pyne,announced a $70 million Independent Public Schools Initiative to support 1,500 state schools across Australia to become more autonomous.
Aaron Benavot is a global education policy analyst currently working as the director of Education for All Global Monitoring Report.
The National Academy of Education (NAEd) is a nonprofit,non-governmental organization in the United States that advances high-quality research to improve education policy and practice. Founded in 1965,the NAEd currently consists of over 300 elected regular members,international associates,and emeriti. Members and international associates are elected based on the outstanding scholarship related to education and provide pro-bono service on committees that provide advice to policymakers and practitioners on pressing issues in education. In addition,Academy members and other scholars are also deeply engaged in NAEd’s professional development programs focused on preparing the next generation of education researchers. Since 1986,NAEd has administered the NAEd/Spencer Postdoctoral Fellowship Program,and since 2011,NAEd has administered the NAEd/Spencer Dissertation Fellowship Program,both funded by The Spencer Foundation.
Fiona Alison Steele,is a British statistician. Since 2013,she has been Professor of Statistics at the London School of Economics (LSE).
Lynn Fuchs is an educational psychologist known for research on instructional practice and assessment,reading disabilities,and mathematics disabilities. She is the Dunn Family Chair in Psychoeducational Assessment in the Department of Special Education at Vanderbilt University.
Carol McDonald Connor was an educational psychologist known for her research contributions to the field of early literacy development in diverse learners,in particular for work on individualized student instruction interventions and the lattice model of reading development. She held the position of Chancellor's Faculty and Equity Advisor in the School of Education at the University of California,Irvine.
Bill Lucas is a social entrepreneur and author. He is a professor of Learning and Director of the Centre for Real-World Learning at the University of Winchester. He is the co-creator of Expansive Education Network and a founding partner of a Bill Lucas Partnership Ltd. He is also an international adviser to Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority in Australia and to the OECD/CERI on creativity.
The learning crisis or global learning crisis is a term describing the fact that,despite a large increase in access to schooling,learning outcomes remain poor,especially in developing countries. Worldwide,millions of children who attend school do not acquire basic skills such as literacy and numeracy,and many more are far behind age-appropriate expectations in their national curricula. Proponents argue that this crisis needs to be addressed due to the importance of education in fostering children's development,social mobility,and subsequent opportunities.
