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Forensic psychology is the application of scientific knowledge and methods to assist in answering legal questions that may arise in criminal,civil,contractual,or other judicial proceedings. Forensic psychology includes research on various psychology-law topics,such as:jury selection,reducing systemic racism in criminal law,eyewitness testimony,evaluating competency to stand trial,or assessing military veterans for service-connected disability compensation. The American Psychological Association's Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists reference several psychology sub-disciplines,such as:social,clinical,experimental,counseling,and neuropsychology.
Forensic psychiatry is a subspeciality of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law,it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil,criminal,correctional,regulatory,or legislative matters,and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment." A forensic psychiatrist provides services –such as determination of competency to stand trial –to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment,such as medications and psychotherapy,to criminals.
Articles related to criminology and law enforcement.
Robert D. Hare is a Canadian forensic psychologist,known for his research in the field of criminal psychology. He is a professor emeritus of the University of British Columbia where he specializes in psychopathology and psychophysiology.
The Threat Management Unit (TMU) is the threat management unit of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD),tasked with investigating harassment and stalking,especially against celebrities and officials. The TMU was formed in 1990 after the murder of actress Rebecca Lucile Schaeffer. Over the years the TMU has been visited and emulated by law enforcement agencies and security companies across the United States and the world.
Psychopathy,or psychopathic personality,is a personality construct characterized by impaired empathy and remorse,in combination with traits of boldness,disinhibition,and egocentrism. These traits are often masked by superficial charm and immunity to stress,which create an outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised,now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised (PCL-R),is a psychological assessment tool that is commonly used to assess the presence and extent of psychopathy in individuals—most often those institutionalized in the criminal justice system—and to differentiate those high in this trait from those with antisocial personality disorder,a related diagnosable disorder. It is a 20-item inventory of perceived personality traits and recorded behaviors,intended to be completed on the basis of a semi-structured interview along with a review of "collateral information" such as official records. The psychopath tends to display a constellation or combination of high narcissistic,borderline,and antisocial personality disorder traits,which includes superficial charm,charisma/attractiveness,sexual seductiveness and promiscuity,affective instability,suicidality,lack of empathy,feelings of emptiness,self-harm,and splitting. In addition,sadistic and paranoid traits are usually also present.
Forensic psychotherapy is the application of psychological knowledge to the treatment of offender-patients who commit violent acts against themselves or others. This form of treatment allows for a therapist to potentially understand the offender and their mental state. It gives the individual providing treatment the opportunity to examine further whether the offender’s criminal behavior was a conscious act or not,what exactly their association with violent behavior is,and what possible motives could have driven them. The discipline of forensic psychotherapy is one that requires the involvement of individuals other than simply the therapist and patient. A therapist may collaborate with other professionals,such as physicians,social workers,nurses and other psychologists in order to best serve the offenders’needs. Whether the treatment is successful or not relies on a multitude of things,but typically ensuring that a systemic approach is taken and that all involved in the treatment process are well informed and supportive has proven to be the most effective. In addition to group work forensic psychotherapy may also involve therapeutic communities,individual interaction with victims as well as offenders,and family work. In order for this specialized therapy to be as effective as possible,it demands the compliance of not only the patient and therapist,but of the rest of society as well. The main focus of forensic psychotherapy is not to condone the acts of the offender,but to obtain a psychodynamic understanding of the offender in order to attempt to provide them with an effective form of treatment to help them take responsibility for any crimes committed and to prevent the perpetration of crimes by the offender in the future. Guidelines have been set to ensure proficiency in the field of Forensic Psychology.
Atascadero State Hospital, formally known as California Department of State Hospitals - Atascadero (DSHA),is located on the Central Coast of California,in San Luis Obispo County,halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. DSHA is an all-male,maximum-security facility,forensic institution that houses mentally ill convicts who have been committed to psychiatric facilities by California's courts. Located on a 700+ acre grounds in the city of Atascadero,California,it is the largest employer in that town. DSHA is not a general purpose public hospital,and the only patients admitted are those that are referred to the hospital by the Superior Court,Board of Prison Terms,or the Department of Corrections.
Chris Hatcher,Ph.D.,(1946–1999) was a clinical psychologist at the University of California,San Francisco,who was an expert in police and forensic psychology. He dedicated his professional life to the study of violence and its prevention. He died unexpectedly at the age of 52.
The Mask of Sanity:An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality is a book written by American psychiatrist Hervey M. Cleckley,first published in 1941,describing Cleckley's clinical interviews with patients in a locked institution. The text is considered to be a seminal work and the most influential clinical description of psychopathy in the twentieth century. The basic elements of psychopathy outlined by Cleckley are still relevant today. The title refers to the normal "mask" that conceals the mental disorder of the psychopathic person in Cleckley's conceptualization.
In United States civilian law enforcement,a Threat Management Unit is a police department team that provides criminal and behavioral analysis and risk assessments in an attempt to review,and ultimately mitigate,the potential for violence with an emphasis on prevention. Threat Management Units identify risk factors,patterns of escalation,and construct an environment that inhibits or prevents violence. The services provided cover a wide range of topics,including,but not limited to terrorism,school violence,sexual crimes,stalking,cyber crimes,domestic violence,arson,sabotage,communicated threats,insider threats and pre-attack behavior. Research in this area of law enforcement is known as Threat Safety Science.
The Fixated Threat Assessment Centre (FTAC) is a UK police/mental health unit,whose function is to manage the risk to public figures from stalkers and individuals who are fixated on high profile public figures or prominent protected sites. It was formed in 2006 in acknowledgement that perpetrators of attacks and other unwanted incidents overwhelmingly suffered from psychosis,and could often be identified in advance of any incidents from precursor behavioural signs. Preventive treatment could then be applied,for the protection of the relevant public figures as well as the families and neighbours of the sufferer. It is jointly managed by the Home Office,the Department of Health and Metropolitan Police Service
Ronald Roesch is a professor of psychology at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia,Canada.
Vernon Lewis Quinsey is a Canadian psychologist. He has studied violent crime offenders,sex offenders,sexually violent predators,juvenile delinquency,and ways to predict,assess,and manage individuals with antisocial tendencies. He has used Darwinian theory to explain antisocial behavior and actuarial methods to predict it. In addition,he has extensively studied clinical judgment.
Threat assessment is the practice of determining the credibility and seriousness of a potential threat,as well as the probability that the threat will become a reality. Threat assessment is separate to the more established practice of violence-risk assessment,which attempts to predict an individual's general capacity and tendency to react to situations violently. Instead,threat assessment aims to interrupt people on a pathway to commit "predatory or instrumental violence,the type of behavior associated with targeted attacks," according to J. Reid Meloy,PhD,co-editor of the International Handbook of Threat Assessment. "Predatory and affective violence are largely distinctive modes of violence."
Karen Franklin is an American forensic psychologist. For her doctoral dissertation,she conducted research on anti-gay violence. She has also published commentaries about sex crimes,primarily expressing her opposition to the use of the hebephilia and other diagnoses in sexually violent predator regulations. She received the 2012 Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award in Psychology and the Monette-Horwitz Trust Award in 2001.
Barry David Rosenfeld is a clinical psychologist known for his research regarding psychological distress among terminally ill patients and immigrants,and stalking. He is a Professor and Department Chair of Psychology and Adjunct Professor of Law at Fordham University. He created the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS),which is used to measure the severity of delirium in terminally ill patients.
Christopher Michael King is an American psychologist who is the Associate Professor of Psychology and the Director of Clinical Training (DCT) at Montclair State University. He is the Forensic Mental Health and Correctional Psychology Lab Director. Some of his areas of expertise are mental health,juvenile mental health,juveniles,assessments,correctional psychology,Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT),and treatment.
David DeMatteo is a professor of psychology,law,and the Director of the JD/PHD Program at Drexel University in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences. Dr. DeMatteo's goal is to identify ways to influence law,policy,and practice using social science research. His research focuses on forensic mental health and how it can influence law and policy. Outside of his research and teaching,he has edited for several journals.
References
- 1 2 3 "Bio". Dr. J. Reid Meloy. 2015-12-07. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- 1 2 3 "J. Reid Meloy Ph.D. | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "J. Reid Meloy, Ph.D. - Forensic Psychologist" . Retrieved 2024-10-02.
- ↑ "People v. Timothy Lee Masters" (PDF). Karenfranklin.com.
- ↑ The Defuse Podcast - Threat Assessment with Dr Reid Meloy - The Defuse Podcast - The Art and Science or Feeling Safer. 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17– via www.buzzsprout.com.
- 1 2 Bergen, Peter (2022-06-18). "Opinion: Forensic psychologist largely dismisses common talking point that mass shootings are caused by individuals with mental disorders". CNN. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ↑ "The Mark of Cain: Psychoanalytic Insight and the Psychopath". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ↑ "Reid Meloy, Ph.D. | San Diego Psychoanalytic Center". www.sdpsychoanalyticcenter.org. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ↑ "WAVR-21 | A Structured Guide for the Assessment of Workplace and Campus Violence Risk" . Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ↑ "Global Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Analytics leader will now be the exclusive source for an innovative counter-terrorism protocol designed specifically for lone actor terrorists". Global Institute of Forensic Research. 2018-09-25. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- 1 2 3 4 "MASTERS v. PEOPLE (2002)". FindLaw.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Timothy Masters - National Registry of Exonerations". www.law.umich.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- ↑ Meloy, Reid J. (1992-10-01). The Psychopathic Mind: Origins, Dynamics, and Treatment. Jason Aronson, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4616-3174-3.
- ↑ Meloy, J. Reid (2001-04-17). The Psychology of Stalking: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-490561-0.
- ↑ "Violence Risk and Threat Assessment" . Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ↑ "Conference Awards". FMHAC. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ↑ "Distinguished Contributions to Forensic Psychology Award – American Academy of Forensic Psychology" . Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ↑ "Convocation of Distinguished Fellows: 2022 Annual Meeting" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association.
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